The first step in the diagnosis of anal cancer is to perform a thorough examination. A number of tests are performed to determine the extent of the cancer. MRIs can be helpful in assessing the size and location of the tumor and its growth into other structures and lymph nodes. A chest x-ray may be necessary to determine if the cancer has spread elsewhere in the body. If there are concerns about any spots on the CT scan, a PET scan can be performed.
The most common treatment option for anal cancer is chemotherapy, but it is not an option for all patients. Chemoradiation and other treatments may be unsuccessful. Surgical treatment is a last resort when the tumour is small and has not spread to other areas. A local excision is a quick procedure under general anaesthesia and only requires a few days in the hospital. A more complicated operation is abdominoperineal resection, which requires a general anaesthetic and can be more invasive.
If the tumor is small and the tumor is confined to the anus, a doctor may opt for a local excision, which will remove the cancer without damaging the anal sphincter muscles that help control bowel movements. However, if the tumor is large and spread, the best option may be a surgical procedure called abdominal perineal resection. This surgery will remove the anus, rectum, and the muscle that controls bowel movement. A permanent colostomy will need to be performed, which will require a colostomy. Additionally, the fecal matter will need to be collected using a colostomy.
Most patients will not experience any symptoms during their first anal cancer. The main treatment options for this condition are chemoradiation and radiotherapy. In addition, anal cancer can spread to the lymph nodes of the groin, liver, and bones. Most cases of this type of cancer are locally limited and may spread to other parts of the body. Therefore, early detection is vital for ensuring the best possible outcome.
Anal cancer can be difficult to detect because the symptoms are often caused by other conditions that are not as serious. In fact, more than half of all cases of anal cancer are delayed due to the fact that the symptoms may be confused with other conditions or are absent altogether. Because of the risk of misdiagnosis, it is important to have a doctor or a colon and rectal surgeon immediately assess the situation. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, you should see a doctor for a thorough examination.
The main symptoms of anal cancer include itching and bleeding in the anal area. In some cases, the symptoms may be mistaken for other conditions. A digital rectal exam and minor procedures can detect anal cancer, such as anoscopy, proctoscopy, and endorectal ultrasound can detect anal cancer. If a biopsy is done, the tumor will be examined by a pathologist. During the course of the treatment, a few tests will be required, such as pelvic and abdominal CT scans, PET scans, and urinalysis.
