Some of the symptoms of gallbladder cancer are obvious, but not all of them are. Gallstones can be a warning sign, and so are nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are usually associated with other symptoms, such as upper abdominal pain, yellowing of the eyes, and jaundice. In some cases, the patient might be unaware that they have gallbladder cancer, and symptoms may be due to a completely different condition.
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About 50 percent of people with gallbladder cancer experience pain in their upper right abdomen. Often, the pain is accompanied by general nausea and loss of appetite. Jaundice is a symptom of too much bilirubin in the blood, which causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to become yellow. The patient may also experience pale stools and a dark urine. While this symptom is often mild, it is a sign that something is wrong.
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One of the signs of gallbladder cancer is pain in the right upper quadrant, sometimes called the Courvoisier sign. A Courvoisier sign indicates that a gallbladder mass is present and that cancer has spread to nearby organs. Advanced stages of gallbladder cancer may also be accompanied by hepatomegaly, abdominal mass, or bowel obstruction. Only Stage I and II cancers can be cured with surgery. This procedure involves the removal of the gallbladder and related organs.
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Depending on how advanced the cancer is, treatment may vary depending on the stage. Stage I is cancer in situ and has spread to deeper layers of the gallbladder and nearby lymph nodes. Stage IIIB, meanwhile, is more serious and has spread to nearby organs and structures. It has spread to lymph nodes, liver, and surrounding tissue. The stage IIIB, however, indicates that the cancer has reached more advanced stages and has spread to lymph nodes, distant organs, or lungs.
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MRI scans are another option. These involve making small incisions in the abdominal wall, and inserting a thin tube with a camera. The MRI can produce detailed images of internal organs. This procedure can also take tissue samples for biopsy. The images produced by these tests will show if cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Once the doctor has confirmed the condition, he or she will recommend treatment.
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Surgery is the most common treatment for gallbladder cancer, and it is an effective cure for some patients. If the cancer is detected and treated early, however, the gallbladder can be removed. Alternatively, palliative treatment options may be recommended, such as chemotherapy and clinical trials. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available on the NCI website. Most patients have their gallbladder removed after undergoing surgery.
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Because of the low risk of this disease, screening for gallbladder cancer should be the first step to detecting the disease. Although the causes are unknown, it is believed that lifestyle habits and environmental exposures can lead to gallbladder cancer. Symptoms of gallbladder cancer include chronic primary sclerosing cholangitis and other gallstone disorders. It is not unusual for people with high levels of cholesterol to develop the disease.
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Women are more likely than men to develop gallbladder cancer. African Americans have the lowest risk of gallbladder cancer. However, there are some risk factors you should consider. If you have gallstones, you should have regular screenings. If you have gallstones, it is important to see a doctor immediately. Even if your gallbladder is not infected, it can be painful and potentially fatal.
