There are several ways to diagnose gallbladder cancer. An abdominal ultrasound can help diagnose the disease. The doctor can also order a CT scan, which takes detailed pictures of internal organs. A CT scan uses high-energy sound waves to make pictures of internal organs. A CT scan may also involve the use of contrast material, which is usually injected through a vein. A CT angiogram may also be performed.
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One of the most common warning signs of gallbladder cancer is jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The yellowing of the skin and eyes can be a sign of gallbladder cancer, as bilirubin, which gives stool its color, is not properly disposed of by the liver. In addition to jaundice, the condition can also lead to light-colored or gray stools.
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Painful abdominal symptoms may indicate that you have a tumor in the gallbladder. The tumor may cause obstruction in the bile ducts and block proper bile drainage. Pain in the abdomen may indicate an enlarged gallbladder, but this symptom could be caused by a more serious condition such as a gallstone. If your gallbladder is painless, it’s likely a noncancerous polyp.
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Symptoms – Gallbladder cancer may be accompanied by right upper quadrant pain or even a Courvoisier sign. A Courvoisier sign is a symptom of malignant obstruction. Other signs of gallbladder cancer include abdominal palpable mass, hepatomegaly, and bowel obstruction. Surgery is a curative treatment for Stage II and lower. A cholecystectomy or resection can be performed to remove the gallbladder.
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Stage – The stage of the cancer depends on its location and size. Stage 0 is a localized tumor and has not spread to neighboring organs or lymph nodes. Stage II describes a cancer that has spread to a more distant organ. Stage IIIA refers to a tumor that has spread beyond the gallbladder to the liver, peritoneum, or perimuscular connective tissues.
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Diagnosis – Although gallbladder cancer is relatively rare, the first step to diagnosis is an endoscopy or specialized imaging test. It’s important to understand that the gallbladder stores bile, which is produced by the liver and released into the small intestine for digestion. The disease is nearly always adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer in which the cells grow out of control.
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Symptoms – Gallbladder cancer does not usually present any symptoms in the early stages of the disease. It may be difficult to detect because most symptoms of the disease occur at the later stages. Other health conditions, such as gallstones, may also present with the same symptoms. In fact, some patients may be unaware of gallbladder cancer symptoms until the disease has spread beyond the gallbladder.
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Treatment – If the cancer is caught early, gallbladder surgery may cure the disease. If it spreads, chemotherapy or radiation may be needed. The patient’s overall health and personal preferences will determine which treatment is best for him or her. Surgery, however, is a last resort when the cancer is too advanced to be removed. Fortunately, if the cancer has not spread yet, the disease may be treated with palliative care.
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– Imaging – Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most common test for diagnosing gallbladder cancer. An endoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is passed through the mouth and esophagus into the small intestine. The doctor inserts a small tube and a dye through the tube. He then takes x-rays and uses the images to guide treatment.
