If you suspect you may have bile duct cancer, your healthcare provider should first assess your risk factors. While the cause of this type of cancer is unknown, certain lifestyle factors, such as a history of bile duct inflammation, increase your chances of getting the disease. These factors may be unavoidable, but some can be controlled and managed. Listed below are some of the risks and symptoms of bile duct cancer.
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While there is no known cause of bile duct cancer, it is associated with increasing age and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A doctor may perform a biopsy, which is the process of removing a small sample of tissue. Alternatively, a surgeon may remove a suspected tumour based on scans. In some cases, bile duct cancer symptoms may not be obvious until it has spread to the surrounding tissues.
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Surgery is the most common treatment for this type of cancer, and a cancer surgeon will remove the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue. Endoscopic procedures and radiologic treatments may be used to remove tumors in the bile duct. Surgery may also be performed to remove lymph nodes. Depending on the stage of the cancer, a liver transplant may be an option. This treatment is often effective, but may require extensive surgery.
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Among the most common symptoms of bile duct cancer, jaundice is the most notable. This is usually a result of a gallstone traveling to the bile duct, and should be evaluated immediately. Another symptom of bile duct cancer is itching. Because of the presence of bilirubin, this color may also affect a person’s skin. Additionally, they may experience loss of appetite and energy. They may also experience an increased risk of bruising and a decrease in the ability to clot blood.
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Patients may be offered treatment to cure their cancer. Treatment may include surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. These treatments may reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Some treatments are not a cure for bile duct cancer, but they can reduce your risk and cure some cases of the disease. Patients may also be offered chemotherapy as part of a clinical trial. In addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, bile duct cancer patients can undergo surgery. The surgery, which involves a series of complicated procedures, can have serious side effects, including hair loss.
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If the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues, it is referred to as metastatic bile duct cancer. Unlike the disease that affects the liver, this form of cancer spreads throughout the body and causes symptoms. While it is rare, cholangiocarcinoma may recur and affect bile ducts. The cancer cells can spread to other organs or tissues.
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During this procedure, a small hole is made in the abdomen. A thin tube with a camera attached is inserted at the end. The camera and light on the end of the scope bounce high-energy sound waves off internal tissues and organs. Then, a sample of tissue is removed for examination. After the biopsy is performed, treatment options may be determined. Some patients opt for palliative therapy.
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Physical examination is vital for diagnosis of bile duct cancer. A physical exam may reveal abdominal tenderness in the right upper quadrant, beneath the ribs. Physical examination will also detect an enlarged liver. If this is found, blood tests can measure bilirubin levels. A blood test can also reveal the presence of bile duct cancer or liver inflammation. The results of these tests are used to plan treatment and monitor the disease over time.
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Stage is another important factor to consider. Bile duct cancer can be staged 0-4. Stage 0 is a tumor without any symptoms; stage IIB is a localized tumor with involvement of lymph nodes. Stage IV refers to cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. If the disease has spread to lymph nodes, it will be unresectable. Most patients cannot undergo bile duct cancer removal.
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A biopsy of the affected area is the most reliable way to diagnose bile duct cancer. This will reveal the cancer type, grade, and likelihood of spreading. A biopsy can be done with a needle or a surgical procedure. Blood tests may also reveal other health conditions, including infections, anemia, and elevated proteins. Any of these can signal the presence of cancer. Imaging tests can also be used to evaluate the structure and function of the liver, gallbladder, and surrounding organs.
