Most people who have gallbladder cancer don’t experience any symptoms until the disease has advanced to the stage of a tumor. However, some people experience symptoms much earlier on in the disease’s progression. The early detection of gallbladder cancer will ensure that the cancer is detected in a timely fashion, and treatment will be more effective. The most common gallbladder cancer symptoms are pain in the upper right abdomen and jaundice, which results from too much bilirubin in the blood.
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In some cases, the first treatment for gallbladder cancer is surgery. During this surgical procedure, small incisions are made in the abdominal wall, and a thin lighted tube called a laparoscope is inserted through the incision. Surgical instruments are inserted through other ports, as well. In some cases, tissue near the port sites is removed in order to minimize the risk of spreading cancer cells.
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Your doctor may also order blood tests to test your liver function and look for any signs of gallbladder cancer. These tests involve measuring the level of a substance called CA-19-9 in the blood, which is released by cancer cells. Other tests include an abdominal ultrasound (also known as a CAT or CT scan) which uses sound waves to create detailed images of internal organs. Another test used to diagnose gallbladder cancer is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the abdomen and taking pictures of the bile ducts.
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Gallbladder cancer is classified according to three stages, based on the amount of cancer spread. Stage 0 describes the cancer within the gallbladder, while stage II describes cancer that has spread to nearby organs, such as the liver. Stage IIIB is the most serious stage of gallbladder cancer, and the disease is generally fatal. The stage IIIA is when the cancer has spread to the outer layer of the gallbladder or the surrounding connective tissue.
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In the U.S., women are at greater risk for gallbladder cancer than men. Chronic typhoid, while rare in the U.S., can irritate the gallbladder and lead to gallstones. People who experience these symptoms should visit a doctor to get an accurate diagnosis. If you have symptoms of gallbladder cancer, the doctor may remove the gallbladder to determine the severity of the disease.
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Early detection is crucial in the treatment of gallbladder cancer, as early diagnosis means a higher chance of cure. Surgical removal will remove the gallbladder and its surrounding tissues, improving the patient’s quality of life and overall health. Patients with higher T stages may also be considered for en bloc resections of the gallbladder and the portal lymph nodes. However, this procedure is associated with high morbidity and similar to bile duct cancer.
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Although the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is often late, symptoms can be vague. Patients may complain of pain in the right upper quadrant or a Courvoisier sign, which indicates a malignant obstruction. Additional symptoms include hepatomegaly, a palpable mass in the abdomen, and bowel obstruction. The diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is often made only after the disease has spread to distant organs. There is no known cause of gallbladder cancer, although symptoms of the disease can include jaundice and yellowing of the eyes or skin.
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Some of the causes of gallbladder cancer are related to certain medications. In addition to being pregnant, pregnancy, or breastfeeding, the risk of gallbladder cancer increases with chronic, long-term infection, a family history of the disease, and a history of gallbladder cancer. Many people don’t notice symptoms of gallbladder cancer until the disease has spread to other organs or lymph nodes, making detection much more difficult.
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In addition to pain and fever, the gallbladder cancer symptoms can be quite debilitating. Patients experiencing pain in the area often experience nausea and vomiting. Additionally, the pain can make the gallbladder unresponsive to medications. In addition, a gallbladder cancer diagnosis is often accompanied by a significant change in appetite and decreased bile production. Once symptoms are present, it can be necessary to undergo a biopsy to determine whether the disease is present.
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As with any other type of cancer, patients with gallbladder cancer may wish to consider clinical trials. Some clinical trials may be beneficial to patients with this disease, while others may be only available to the most advanced stages. Depending on the stage of the disease, the patient may also need to undergo follow-up tests to determine if the condition is reoccurring. Once diagnosed, treatment will depend on the type of cancer and its progression.
