Several factors can increase the risk of stomach cancer. Genetics, environment, infectious agents, and immune system factors all increase the risk. People with a family history of stomach cancer have a two to ten times higher risk of developing stomach tumors than those without a family history. Hereditary diseases that increase the risk of gastric cancer include Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Additionally, obesity has been linked to increased risk of developing stomach tumors.
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There are four stages of gastric cancer. In stage I, a tumor has formed in the stomach lining, and it may have spread to lymph nodes nearby. Stage II and III are more aggressive, and the cancer may have spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. Before surgery, treatment may involve chemotherapy to shrink the tumor. Afterward, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be used to kill the cancer cells. The treatment for gastric cancer is different depending on the stage of the disease.
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Early symptoms of gastric cancer include indigestion, bloating, stomach pain, and nausea. Some people also experience vomiting. If the cancer has spread to other organs, it may also lead to anemia. In addition, patients may experience fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. In advanced stages, patients may vomit blood and have dark, sticky feces. Other symptoms include fractures, neurological changes, and swollen abdominal area caused by fluid.
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Surgery for gastric cancer may include a total gastrectomy, in which the entire stomach is removed and some surrounding tissue. This procedure is most appropriate when the cancer has spread throughout the entire stomach and lymph nodes nearby. During this procedure, the end of the esophagus is removed as well, which allows food to pass through. Another common part of the surgery involves the removal of the adjacent lymph nodes, referred to as lymphadenopathy.
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Patients who suspect they have stomach cancer may be offered several treatment options, depending on the size of the tumor. Surgery is the most common treatment option, though radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used if it has spread to other organs. Early detection is vital for treatment success. A doctor will examine you for these signs and symptoms. You may also want to consult a second doctor. Most doctors welcome second opinions and many health insurance companies cover these services.
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Imaging tests are used to look for any signs of stomach cancer. These may include endoscopic ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, and barium swallow imaging. An upper endoscopy involves the use of a thin lighted tube that is passed through the esophagus and stomach. The results of the test will allow doctors to determine if the cancer has spread to other organs. If the cancer has spread, the doctor will order additional tests, including CT scans and MRIs.
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The alarm symptoms of gastric cancer are usually related to the location of the tumour, its stage, and the aggressiveness of the cancer. If the symptoms persist for a prolonged period of time, it is possible to miss a curable stage. Although the most important symptom is a weight loss or nausea, it does not necessarily mean that the patient has gastric cancer. In fact, the presence of these symptoms may be a sign of a serious condition such as colon cancer.
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Other signs of gastric cancer include a decreased appetite, nausea and abdominal pain, and an increased risk of stomach adenocarcinoma. The cancer often begins as a benign growth called a polyp in the stomach. However, adenocarcinoma is more likely to spread to the other parts of the body. It can also spread to other organs, including the liver. It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms.
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People with a family history of stomach cancer may be tested regularly. These tests may detect the cancer early, allowing it to be removed and cured. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and using other tobacco products may also increase your risk. Tobacco use also increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. Smoking and NSAID drugs can increase your risk of developing this condition. The risk of developing stomach cancer is higher for those who are overweight.
