What are the signs and symptoms of gastric cancer? If you have ever experienced any of these, you should be aware of your health. There are some risk factors that increase your risk for developing this condition, including obesity and a family history of stomach cancer. Some of these factors are inherited and lifestyle-related, but they are not the only ones. For example, a person with a family history of stomach cancer is two to three times more likely to develop the condition. Other risk factors include infection with H.pylori (a bacteria that causes chronic inflammation in the stomach) and having gastric polyps or ulcers. Other risk factors include smoking and a person with a history of gastritis, pernicious anemia, previous stomach surgery, and exposure to a chemical agent in the workplace.
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Your doctor will ask you about your health history and perform lab tests to find out if you have stomach cancer. Your doctor will likely refer you to a gastroenterologist, a doctor who specializes in digestive problems. However, you may wish to seek a second opinion. Your doctor will be happy to see you again if you feel that your symptoms are not due to a different problem. Many health insurance companies will pay for the second opinion.
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Other causes of stomach cancer are genetic and environmental factors. People with certain inherited cancer predisposition syndromes are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Inherited factors include a family history of stomach cancer. People with hereditary disorders may also be more prone to stomach cancer. Hereditary syndromes have been found to increase the risk of gastric cancer. Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes include Lynch syndrome, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC).
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Initially, stomach cancer may not cause any symptoms. The disease may progress to cause several symptoms, such as persistent heartburn, indigestion and stomach discomfort. You may also experience fatigue and unintentional weight loss. Your doctor will likely perform a series of tests to determine whether you have stomach cancer. If you experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor as soon as possible. The doctor may recommend surgery to remove the tumor and cure you.
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Certain genetic conditions may increase your risk of developing stomach cancer. Infections with the H. pylori bacterium, which causes ulcers, can increase the likelihood of developing gastric cancer. Additionally, gastritis and pernicious anemia can also cause inflammation in the digestive tract. People with stomach polyps are also more likely to develop stomach cancer. Inflammation and obesity increase the risk of developing stomach cancer.
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While stomach cancer is more common in men than in women, symptoms may be similar in both genders. Those with a family history of stomach cancer are at higher risk for the disease, as are people with a specific genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene. Additionally, a person’s lifestyle habits, including smoking, can increase the risk. Although the symptoms of gastric cancer may not be readily apparent, they should be evaluated by a doctor for proper diagnosis.
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While stomach cancer symptoms may include pain in the upper abdomen or behind the breastbone, they are not always related to the disease. However, it is important to see a doctor if you experience pain or discomfort in the abdomen for more than three weeks. If the pain continues, your doctor may want to prescribe a medication that addresses the cause. In addition to pain, symptoms of stomach cancer may include anemia, fractures, neurologic changes and bloating of the abdominal area.
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Treatment options for gastric cancer include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These may be used to treat the symptoms of gastric cancer, as well as control the cancer’s spread. Treatment for gastric cancer is highly dependent on its stage at the time of diagnosis. The overall stage of gastric cancer depends on how far the cancer has spread through the abdominal wall, the presence of lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has spread to distant organs. In some cases, the cancer may recur after treatment.
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A biopsy of the tissue is also an important part of diagnosis. A biopsy is the removal of tissue by surgical means. A pathologist examines the sample under a microscope to determine if it is cancer. Further tests can be ordered, including advanced imaging techniques. In certain instances, x-rays are used to view tissue structures through the esophagus and the stomach. When these tests are not sufficient to diagnose the cancer, a doctor may recommend surgery.
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A healthy diet and regular screenings for other diseases can reduce the risk of stomach cancer. Smoking and NSAID use increase the risk. Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables can also reduce your risk. While ionizing radiation is a probable risk factor, it can’t be proven. Regular tests are also essential to help identify any cancers in the early stages. The earlier you notice any symptoms, the better chance of successful treatment.
