The first step in determining whether you may have gallbladder cancer is to seek a medical evaluation. Doctors use the TNM (tumor node metastasis) staging system to determine a patient’s stage. Stage 0 refers to a small cancer in the gallbladder, while stage I refers to a larger, more advanced tumor. Stage IIIA describes a tumor that has spread beyond the gallbladder but has not yet affected nearby lymph nodes or arteries.
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In the early stages, gallbladder cancer patients often suffer from abdominal pain, usually in the upper right portion of the abdomen. Loss of appetite is another common symptom, though some patients experience no symptoms at all. Other symptoms include jaundice, which is caused by excess bilirubin in the blood and may also appear as a yellowish-gray hue in the skin or urine. The symptoms can last for several weeks or even months, so it is critical to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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While there are no specific preventative measures against gallbladder cancer, there are many ways to lower your risk of developing the disease. By eating healthy foods and avoiding processed foods, you can strengthen your immune system and improve your chances of surviving the disease. For instance, eating more fruit and vegetables, including more fiber, is one of the best ways to protect yourself against gallbladder cancer. Likewise, moderate exercise is an important part of living a healthy lifestyle.
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Other symptoms that may mimic gallbladder cancer include yellowing of the skin, whites of the eyes, and bleeding. If the tumor is preventing the flow of bile, bilirubin may build up in the blood, spreading to the liver and surrounding structures. When the gallbladder becomes too large, it may swell, causing a bloated abdomen and other symptoms.
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Doctors use several different tests to diagnose gallbladder cancer. A CT scan, or CAT scan, is a highly sensitive procedure that takes detailed pictures of internal organs. MRIs, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, use magnets and radio waves to produce images of the inside of the gallbladder. A laparoscope is a thin tube with a camera on the end. It is inserted under general anaesthetic to take images of the gallbladder and bile ducts.
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Surgery is another option for treating gallbladder cancer. Surgical treatment involves removing a portion of the gallbladder through a thin tube. The bile can be drained into a syringe or a bag outside the body. Other treatments include chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy uses medication to kill cancer cells. Most medications are administered into the bloodstream, but some may be taken orally through tablets.
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Early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is essential for treatment. Early detection can help you avoid complications and even save your life. If you do develop the disease, you should contact a medical professional to schedule a biopsy. Treatment for gallbladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease. The cancer may have been detected in the early stages, but it may still be asymptomatic. If you suspect gallbladder cancer, consult your doctor immediately.
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A biopsy, or a tissue sample taken for a closer examination, is another option. This may take place during a laparoscopy or a cholangiography. The biopsy is then sent to a pathologist for a thorough analysis. After the biopsy, your doctor will discuss a plan of treatment with you, including surgery or radiation therapy. Your doctor may choose chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the type of cancer.
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After a diagnosis, your doctor may suggest chemotherapy or surgery to remove your gallbladder. While chemotherapy does not cure gallbladder cancer, it can relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. The NCI website has information about ongoing clinical trials. Once your doctor has determined the diagnosis, your doctor will perform tests to stage the cancer and determine the next steps. If your doctor feels that the cancer is advanced, they may perform surgery to remove it.
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Because of the various risk factors for gallbladder cancer, it is important to seek medical advice. Gallbladder cancer is more common in women than in men, and is more prevalent in Native Americans, Mexicans, and other ethnicities. It is a rare condition, but people with ancestry from these countries have a higher risk than those of African Americans. Those with South Indian heritage are at higher risk. People with gallbladder disease may also have other symptoms, such as sclerosing cholangitis or a porcelain gallbladder.
