Early detection is crucial for gallbladder cancer, as the sooner the disease is caught the better. Unfortunately, symptoms rarely appear until the cancer has spread to other organs or is at a more advanced stage. Although symptoms are usually only present in early stages of gallbladder cancer, they can occur at any time and can indicate other conditions. One of these is jaundice, which is caused by a gallbladder tumor blocking bile ducts.
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Surgery is the primary treatment for gall bladder cancer. If the cancer is caught early, the gall bladder can be removed completely. This procedure, called a cholecystectomy, involves removing the gall bladder and surrounding tissue. This surgery is performed either through open or keyhole procedures. After surgery, the bile duct is reconstructed with a stent that allows bile to flow into the small bowel.
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Genetics play an important role in gallbladder cancer. Genetics are associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Genetics may influence risk, but so does geography. In the U.S., Latin, Native, and African Americans are at an increased risk. This difference is due to differences in lifestyle and diet. People living in poorer countries may also be more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than those living in wealthier areas.
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If the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder, treatment will depend on the stage of the disease. Stage 0 is considered carcinoma in situ, meaning the cancer has not spread beyond the gallbladder’s mucosal layer. It has spread to lymph nodes and organs nearby. In rare cases, cancer may spread beyond the gallbladder’s mucosal layer. When the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, it is considered Stage IV.
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After assessing the patient’s symptoms, doctors may perform a biopsy. This is a surgical procedure in which a thin, lighted tube is inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall. The physician may also insert instruments or organs through the incision. During the biopsy, a sample of the cancer cells is taken to check for spread. Patients with early stage cancer are highly likely to recover after surgery.
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If a biopsy is performed, the pathologist will be able to determine whether there is a tumor. This procedure is commonly performed and involves the use of a needle to take a sample of the cancer tissue. If a sample is positive, doctors may recommend surgery to remove the tumor. Diagnostic laparoscopy and open laparoscopy are two common procedures used for diagnosis. If the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder, bile ducts may become narrowed, and the ducts may become obstructed. Occasionally, a bile stent may be used to ease the itchiness and inflammation.
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The earliest stage of gallbladder cancer is stage I, although patients may describe vague symptoms. When diagnosed, jaundice, which is the result of biliary obstruction caused by the tumor, may occur. In some cases, patients will experience jaundice, which is similar to cholecystitis. Clay-colored stools and urine, as well as skin pruritus, can also be signs of gallbladder cancer.
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While preventing gallbladder cancer is difficult, certain lifestyle changes and a healthy diet can reduce your risk. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, limit processed foods and limit red meat. Additionally, you should exercise moderately to help your immune system and maintain a healthy weight. The more exercise you do, the lower your chances of developing gallbladder cancer. If you suspect you have gallbladder cancer, consult with a physician as early as possible.
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Early detection of gallbladder cancer is difficult, especially as it starts in the glandular cells of the gallbladder. If detected in its early stages, there may be no obvious signs. Often, the symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses and may be hard to detect. Fortunately, however, there are some early symptoms that can be indicative of gallbladder cancer. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and discuss the symptoms with you.
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In addition to a biopsy, a doctor may use a CT scan to look for precancerous changes. This can help determine whether or not you have gallbladder cancer. In the meantime, a biopsy will determine the exact cause of the disease. Symptoms may vary by stage of development. The diagnosis can be delayed until it has spread to distant organs. For more information, see your doctor today.
