If you experience any of the Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, you may be at risk for developing the disease. Symptoms of MS can range from mild to severe, and they depend on which areas of the central nervous system are affected and how much damage has been done. Because the disease affects each person differently, symptoms may come and go for the same individual. There are various tests used to diagnose the condition, including MRI to identify lesions in the central nervous system, physical examination to check your reflexes and response to pain, and blood tests to rule out other conditions that may mimic MS symptoms.
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Although it’s difficult to pinpoint exactly what triggers MS, there are some common causes. Genetics and environmental factors play a role. There’s a high risk of developing MS if one’s first degree relative has the disease. Identical twins are more likely to have the disease. MS is largely a female disease, with two-thirds of female patients diagnosed with the disease being between the ages of 20 and 40. Exposure to certain viruses and bacteria may also cause the disease later in life.
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Some of the common symptoms of MS include fatigue and pain. About 50% of those diagnosed with MS experience some form of pain during the course of the disease. In some cases, pain is chronic and can interfere with daily activities. MS patients often experience a “MS hug,” which causes them to feel a sharp, squeezing sensation throughout the torso. These symptoms are common, but they are related to weak muscles, spasticity, loss of balance, and sensory deficits. Physical therapy and certain medications can alleviate these symptoms.
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MS is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin covering nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain. This results in inflammation, causing lesions that prevent the signal from traveling smoothly through the nerves. These lesions in the central nervous system can also cause problems with vision and surrounding tissue, causing unsteadiness in walking. Although it’s unclear what triggers MS, there is no known cure.
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MS comes in two forms: relapsing-remitting and primary progressive. In primary progressive MS, the disease course is continually worse. Patients with this form of the disease have periods of remission and recovery, as well as periods of active disease activity. Inactive disease, on the other hand, is an absence of disease activity. It can take many years or even decades for symptoms to change from RRMS to SPMS.
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As of now, there is no known cure for MS, but medical treatments aim to relieve MS symptoms, slow its progression, and maintain a high quality of life. MS treatments may include medicines. However, people with mild symptoms may not benefit from these medicines, as they might experience side effects. If you do opt for medicine, discuss it with your doctor before starting any new medication. Some medicines may alleviate certain symptoms caused by MS, like muscle stiffness and fatigue.
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Once a relapse occurs, patients should contact their MS care team, which includes a neurologist and a nurse. They will be able to provide guidance throughout the relapse, including supportive treatments. This may include medications, allied health care involvement, and rehabilitation. Patients should keep a diary of their symptoms, so that their doctor can accurately diagnose and treat the MS symptoms. Having MS during pregnancy does not increase the risk of a pregnancy.
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Some people with MS have difficulty swallowing, difficulty articulating words, or spasticity. Muscle weakness, muscle spasms, and neurological pain are all common MS symptoms. Other common symptoms include decreased sensation in certain parts of the body and difficulty with bowel or bladder movements. Cognitive symptoms include impaired memory, cognitive dysfunction, and sensitivity to cold and heat. In severe cases, there may be no symptoms at all.
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The diagnosis of MS can be complicated because so many different neurological conditions can have similar symptoms. People may visit several healthcare providers over years before receiving an accurate diagnosis. However, early diagnosis of MS is vital for slowing the disease’s progression. The doctor will order certain tests, including evoked potentials (EPIs), which record the speed of nerve impulses in different parts of the brain. In addition to an EEG, your doctor will perform a cerebral perfusion (CT) scan, or MRI, a type of imaging procedure that uses large magnets and sound waves to produce images of the brain. MRIs are useful for detecting plaques and scarring caused by MS.
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The second-hand smoke from cigarette smoke can worsen the symptoms of MS. You should try to stay away from smoking if you have MS. If you or a family member smoke, make sure they smoke outside. Make sure you change your clothes when you come inside the house. Eating a healthy diet and getting plenty of rest are also important for your health. As you may have suspected, urinary tract infections can affect you during pregnancy. To help manage this condition, drink lots of water. Be sure to discuss your symptoms with your doctor.