MS symptoms include a wide range of involuntary muscle spasms, stiffness, and pain. The affected area may be more prone to these symptoms than other parts of the body, including the neck and arms. These symptoms are the result of damaged nerves and deconditioning of muscles. These symptoms may be managed with the use of rehabilitation strategies, mobility aids, and assistive devices. Some people experience loss of bladder control or fecal impaction, leading to bowel incontinence. People with MS may also experience fatigue or vertigo.
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There are two main types of MS: primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS. Primary progressive MS is characterized by constant symptoms that recur, and secondary progressive MS is characterized by relapses with periods of remission. Primary progressive MS is most common in people between the ages of 20 and 50. It is more common in women than in men, and it is very rare in children. Typically, the disease progresses slower in primary progressive MS than in secondary progressive MS.
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An MRI scan may help the diagnosis of MS. An MRI scan of the brain and spinal cord can detect active lesions and slowing in different areas of the brain. Another test, called a lumbar puncture, is performed to determine if there are any abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid. This test can also be used to rule out other conditions that have symptoms similar to MS. Further tests may include blood tests and a nerve function study.
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Genetics and environment may contribute to risk of developing MS. People with European descent have the highest risk of developing MS. People with African or Asian descent are at lower risk. Smoking also increases the risk of developing the disease. Smokers tend to develop more lesions and brain shrinkage than non-smokers. Exposure to certain toxins or drugs is also a risk factor. There is no specific treatment for the disease but research is working to find a cure for MS.
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Lifestyle factors are important to managing the disease. Smokers should avoid second-hand smoke. If they must smoke, they should make sure they do so outdoors. They should also change their clothing when they come inside. People with MS should also exercise regularly. Specifically, they should practice aerobic exercise to maintain muscle strength and flexibility. Also, it is important to avoid excessive stress as this can lead to poor sleep and fatigue. Yoga, exercise, and counseling can help with stress management and provide support in managing this disease.
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Multiple Sclerosis is caused by damage to the protective layer of myelin around the nerve cells in the central nervous system. This damage disrupts the communication between the brain and the body. As a result, messages can be blocked or slowed down. However, it is not known why myelin gets damaged and how it can be repaired. It is unclear exactly how these changes occur, but the resulting lesions can cause a variety of symptoms.
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A patient with MS must undergo a variety of diagnostic tests to determine the exact cause of the disease. A spinal tap can reveal abnormal blood cells or proteins, helping the doctor rule out other causes of the disease. MRIs, on the other hand, can show lesions of the brain and spinal cord. These lesions do not necessarily indicate multiple sclerosis, but they are indicative of the disease. In addition, a patient must experience two relapses to be diagnosed with the disease. Symptoms can occur in any part of the body and may be accompanied by fatigue and pain.
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During a relapse, affected nerve areas may become inflamed. Treatments with steroids may help control the disease by reducing swelling and pain. During a relapse, an MS patient may need assistance walking or using a wheelchair. Physical therapy may also help a person with MS become more mobile. It is important to get plenty of rest. Many MS patients may develop urinary tract infections, so it is important to drink plenty of water and consult with your doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.
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Treatment for MS is aimed at reducing symptoms, slowing the disease progression, and improving quality of life. Drugs used to treat MS are called disease-modifying therapies or immunotherapies. Many patients can do well without medication, but there are risks and side effects associated with these treatments. In addition to these therapies, there are several FDA-approved drugs to treat MS. These medicines can reduce the frequency of attacks, reduce inflammation, and delay disease progression. Some of these drugs can also reduce the risk of relapses.
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