Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms that are not always noticeable to the average person. In the early stages of the disease, the symptoms may not even prompt a doctor’s visit. Fortunately, medications can help control the symptoms. Symptoms include increased stiffness and difficulty walking, as well as speech and posture problems.
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A person with Parkinson’s disease has a hunched posture and a stooped stance. Other signs include shorter strides and less arm movement. Additionally, a person may take multiple steps to turn while walking. Blinking less frequently is another common symptom. Additionally, the patient may also have a reduced ability to control his or her facial muscles, leading to a mask-like facial expression.
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Parkinson’s disease can also affect the sense of smell and taste. While odor and flavor are heavily involved in the human sense of taste, people with this disease may not be able to distinguish certain flavors or smells. This is because alpha-synuclein, a protein that is involved in odor and flavor, clumps in the olfactory bulb. This inhibits the olfactory bulb’s ability to process odors, which can lead to reduced sense of smell.
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Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease may be difficult in the early stages because the symptoms may be similar to other health conditions, such as aging. A healthcare provider will likely want to monitor a person for a period of time before making a definitive diagnosis. Despite the fact that blood and lab tests cannot accurately diagnose Parkinson’s disease, a physician can usually make a diagnosis based on a patient’s health history and a physical examination. In rare cases, a brain scan may be ordered to rule out other diseases or conditions.
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Early symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be mild and appear gradually. Some of the first signs include slow movement and rhythmic shaking. The person may also experience shortened steps when walking, having difficulty getting out of a chair, or dragging their feet. In addition, stiff muscles can limit the person’s range of motion and cause pain.
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Medication is often prescribed to control the symptoms. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions. Your doctor may recommend regular follow-up appointments with a neurology specialist who specializes in movement disorders. While treatment for Parkinson’s disease isn’t a cure, medications can drastically reduce the intensity and severity of symptoms. Lifestyle changes may also help. Several types of physical therapy may be prescribed, including exercises for balance and stretching. A speech pathologist may also be consulted to help with speech problems.
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Deep brain stimulation is another option for people who don’t respond well to medicines. This surgery involves placing electrodes into a part of the brain and connecting them to a small electrical device implanted in the chest. This painlessly stimulates specific areas of the brain that control movement. Deep brain stimulation can reduce the severity of symptoms related to movement, including tremor and wriggling.
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Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disease in which nerve cells die. The loss of these cells causes a lack of dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter that regulates muscle movement. The more dopamine cells die, the more dopamine is lost and the symptoms worsen. As dopamine levels decrease, other brain cells can be affected as well.
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The most common medication for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa, which is absorbed by the brain’s nerve cells and converted into the chemical dopamine. Dopamine is the brain chemical that controls movement, and levodopa works by mimicking this chemical. Levodopa is taken in the form of a liquid or tablet and is often used in combination with other medications to manage symptoms.
