Those diagnosed with MS may experience a number of symptoms. While some people experience relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), most experience secondary progressive MS, a disease with continuous disability and no periods of remission or acute attacks. Primary progressive MS affects around 15% of people with the disease. Symptoms of MS may be mild or severe, and may affect any part of the body. In some cases, the disease can become so severe that symptoms impair one’s ability to write, speak, or move.
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The most common symptoms of MS include pain and muscle weakness. Many patients experience difficulty walking, spasticity, and dizziness. Other symptoms may include pain, sensitivity to heat and cold, and bladder or bowel problems. Symptoms of MS can also impair a person’s sexual function. Cognitive and psychological changes can result from the disease, and these symptoms may impact a person’s ability to function at work or in social situations.
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In addition to the above, MS patients may experience problems with their vision. Early signs may include double vision or loss of vision. Early signs may also include trouble emptying the bladder or having incontinence, or inability to completely empty a bladder. People with MS may also experience muscle spasticity, which can cause painful involuntary contractions. It’s important to get proper treatment early to reduce the risk of complications from this disease.
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MS can occur in anyone, but it is more common in people of European descent than those of African or Asian descent. Women with MS are at higher risk for relapsing forms of the disease than men. Women are also more likely to experience relapsing MS than men, and women who have a family history of MS are more likely to develop it. People with the disease also tend to be of reproductive age, with the median age of diagnosis at around 30 to 32 years old.
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MS can affect the optic nerve, which sends visual information from the eye to the brain. Because the nerves in the brain and eye are so close together, any damage to them increases the risk of developing the disease. As a result, people with MS may experience double vision, blurred vision, or even loss of color vision. However, some people may never develop the disease. A diagnosis of MS will depend on the location of the lesions.
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A balanced diet is essential to managing the symptoms of MS. It should include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. People with MS should limit their exposure to cigarette smoke and should also make sure to wear protective clothing when entering a building where smoking occurs. Exercise is also vital for maintaining physical function and reducing fatigue. People with MS should avoid stress, which can interfere with their sleep and worsen the disease’s symptoms.
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If your symptoms are consistent with MS, your healthcare provider will likely conduct a neurological exam and complete history. Your doctor may order an MRI of the brain or spine to look for the presence of MS plaques. Other tests, such as a lumbar puncture, may also be used to identify the presence of inflammation in the cerebral spinal fluid. Additionally, doctors will run blood tests to rule out other conditions that mimic MS symptoms.
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Although mobility is not a major concern for many people with the disease, there is no way to tell if a patient will become wheelchair-bound after a year. Most patients have some symptoms within the first year of the disease. About half of them have noticeable impairment at the beginning of the disease, while about 15% only experience mild cognitive symptoms. In severe cases, mobility may become a problem and the patient may need to use a wheelchair.
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The exact cause of MS is unknown, but the disease is categorized as an autoimmune disorder, which means the immune system attacks its own tissues. During the attack, the immune system damages the myelin, which protects nerve fibers. This damage prevents messages from being sent properly. This can lead to vision problems and other neurological symptoms, including unsteadiness on one’s feet. Genetics and environmental factors are also suspected to play a role in the development of MS.
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Blood tests and imaging tests can help the diagnosis of MS. Blood chemistry and MRI scans can reveal active and inactive lesions in the spinal cord. An optic coherence tomography (OCT) test may detect thinning around the optic nerve, while a spinal tap can determine whether there is abnormal spinal fluid. In addition to these tests, blood tests can help rule out other medical conditions. And if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with MS, you should consult a medical professional as early as possible.