Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis vary widely. Initially, patients may experience vague weakness, fatigue, and clumsiness. These symptoms can last for days, weeks, or months, followed by periods of remission and symptom disappearance. As a result, there is no one single “typical” episode. Symptoms can occur in different parts of the body at various times. There are many possible causes for these variations.
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While MS is a progressive disease, symptoms can be mild or severe, depending on the area of the body affected. Many people have relapses followed by periods of stability, or remission. People who have relapsing MS also frequently experience mood and anxiety disorders, as well as cognitive impairment. Though MS is not curable, it is treatable, and in many cases, patients can lead an active life despite the symptoms of the disease.
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In addition to a thorough medical history, doctors also look for signs of inflammation of the central nervous system. A physical exam and brain MRI are necessary for diagnosis of MS. Both types of MRIs look for specific plaques that are characteristic of this disease. Blood tests are also necessary to rule out other diseases and conditions that mimic MS. In addition to determining the cause of MS, treatment options for multiple sclerosis include physical therapy and medication.
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While the signs and symptoms of MS vary from person to person, most people with the disease will experience difficulties walking, balancing, and thinking. Additionally, patients with MS may experience difficulty urinating, bladder issues, or bowels that leak. The loss of mobility and cognitive dysfunction that often accompany MS can greatly interfere with daily living and career. Fortunately, medicine and rehabilitation can help patients regain function. There is a variety of treatment options for multiple sclerosis and the symptoms vary with each person.
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Many early MS symptoms include numbness and tingling. This sensation is common throughout the body and may affect the face, arms, and legs. Sometimes, it can also occur in the neck and face. It can even cause Lhermitte’s sign, which is a sensation that causes the patient to lose control of their bladder. Chronic fatigue is another common symptom of multiple sclerosis and can have many symptoms, including a decrease in muscle tone and bone density.
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Among those with MS, those with primary progressive disease tend to have worsening symptoms over time. In contrast, people with secondary progressive MS typically have steady progression of their disease, with no noticeable relapses or periods of stability. In both forms, the symptoms may progress slowly, with only the primary progressive form causing severe disability. Some patients with secondary progressive MS may also experience several progressive relapses, which may lead to disability.
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The most common MS symptoms involve weakness and loss of motor and sensory function. These symptoms are usually mild and unremarkable at first, but may change over time as the disease progresses. MS can affect any part of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, optic nerves, and brain. In some cases, myelin degeneration can cause permanent nerve damage. There is no known cause for MS, but it appears to be related to the immune system’s attack on the nerves.
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Patients with primary progressive MS have less brain or spinal cord scarring than those with secondary progressive MS. The latter has more progressive symptoms that make it harder to function on a daily basis. Approximately 15 percent of people with primary progressive MS are diagnosed in their 20s or 30s. Primary progressive MS is more common in women than men, and it tends to progress more slowly in kids than in adults. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis are difficult to diagnose, and many patients are left with residual disability.
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Some women who have MS develop physical complications while pregnant. Physically, the condition may affect the ability to walk. Pregnancy can also shift a woman’s balance, making it difficult to use her legs. If a woman suffers from MS during pregnancy, she may need a wheelchair or walking assistance device. Pregnancy may also make her feel more tired than normal, so make sure to schedule plenty of rest. Furthermore, pregnant women with MS may experience urinary tract infections, which can lead to pregnancy complications.
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While no cure exists for MS, the goal of treatment is to minimize the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Medicine is one possible treatment option. Those with mild symptoms may be reluctant to take medications due to side effects and risks. However, some medicines can help alleviate short-term complications associated with multiple sclerosis, such as muscle stiffness. Others may affect the long-term outcome of MS. A neurologist may prescribe a high dose of corticosteroids to treat severe attacks.
