When the immune system attacks a nerve cell, a process called inflammation takes place. This process can jumble or slow down signals as they travel through the nervous system. It can even completely stop messages from traveling through the nerve. The resulting damage to nerve cells causes multiple sclerosis symptoms. The condition is thought to be caused by genetics, environmental factors, or immune mediated inflammatory changes in the nervous system. While there is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, the disease can be triggered by genetics or by environmental factors.
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The symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can vary widely from person to person. They can include difficulties in movement, thinking, or sexual function. While the symptoms of MS may differ, the overall outlook is positive. Fortunately, most people with the disease are able to manage the symptoms and live an active and productive life. Although the disease can be devastating, it is possible to live a full life with it. Although MS has no cure, it can be managed successfully with proper lifestyle changes, medication, and physical activity.
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Among the most common MS symptoms, depression is one of the most significant. Unlike many other chronic conditions, depression is more common in people with MS. The feeling of being lethargic may affect every aspect of life, from daily tasks to social interactions. Patients suffering from MS often experience fatigue, and it often gets worse after a full day of work. Similarly, speech problems can cause impaired swallowing, and up to a quarter of people with MS experience trouble with their vision. Sadly, the disease can also cause hearing loss.
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Many other MS symptoms involve nerve damage. Damaged nerves can cause problems with swallowing and breathing. In addition, patients may experience tremor in different parts of their bodies. Damaged nerve pathways responsible for coordination of movements can cause seizures. Seizures occur in approximately two percent of people with MS, and 3% of the general population. Various muscle and bladder problems can occur. In addition to the above, people with MS can experience difficulty in swallowing or chewing food.
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Patients with MS should consult their healthcare team immediately if they experience relapses, including their neurologist and MS nurse. These individuals can help the patient navigate the relapse process and provide supportive treatment that may include medications, allied health care, and rehabilitation. Patients should also maintain a detailed diary of their symptoms, as accurate information can help doctors treat the disease effectively. A relapse is usually indicative of the need for a different treatment.
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Inflammation of the optic nerve is another multiple sclerosis symptom. This inflammation affects the optic nerve, a vital extension of the central nervous system. It can cause painful vision loss and early diagnosis of optic neuritis is crucial to changing the course of the disease. Symptoms of optic neuritis may include blurred vision, flashing lights, and changes in color. Pain in the eye may also be associated with moving it. Most patients will recover in a few months, with some permanent visual deficiency.
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Treatment of multiple sclerosis can include disease-modifying therapies, which target the immune system and slow the progression of the disease. Generally, these drugs are only used to treat the disease’s symptoms, and are not intended to cure the disease. Although these therapies do not reverse the current symptoms of the disease, they can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. Some patients take these drugs for short-term problems associated with the disease, such as muscle stiffness. However, some patients require a long-term treatment for multiple sclerosis.
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While symptoms of MS can be false positives, a neurologist’s diagnosis is the only way to be sure. A MRI of the brain and spinal cord will reveal changes in the central nervous system, including lesions. If the MRI shows lesions, the likelihood of developing MS is greater than if there are no lesions. Further tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This disease affects the quality of life of a person with MS, which can greatly impact the ability to work and lead an active life.
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Injections of corticosteroids are an option for treating MS flare-ups. However, these drugs have side effects, including liver damage and flu-like symptoms. Further, they do not alter the course of the disease. Several drugs approved by the FDA for treating multiple sclerosis can help decrease the number of attacks and delay the progression of the disease. Some of these drugs can be administered intravenously, while others can be taken orally.
