Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person, and may be subtle in the early stages of the disease. However, they can worsen over time. There are motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms. The motor symptoms are the most obvious, and they include problems with walking. A person may stop mid-stride, freeze in place, or fall. In addition, they may have problems getting up from a chair or bed, and may have difficulty urinating. Other nonmotor symptoms may include trouble breathing, shaky handwriting, or changes in blood pressure.
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Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, and results from reduced levels of the chemical dopamine in the brain. While the cause is unclear, experts believe that proteins misfold. When proteins are misfolded, the body is not able to properly use them or break them down. As a result, these misfolded proteins build up in different parts of the body, including certain muscles. These buildups, called Lewy bodies, can be toxic and cause cell damage.
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Initially, Parkinson’s disease symptoms are mild and may not affect daily life. However, the condition can progress to a more severe stage. The first stage of Parkinson’s disease is called stage one, and symptoms may be isolated to one side. As the disease progresses, symptoms will become more severe and may interfere with daily tasks. In some cases, a patient may need help to walk or stand alone, and may even have delusions and hallucinations.
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If symptoms persist for a long time, a neurologist may prescribe a trial of a medicine. A medication called levodopa may help alleviate symptoms. The diagnosis is based on a physical examination and a health history. Neurological exams may also include imaging tests of the brain to rule out other conditions. For severe symptoms, a CT scan may be used to confirm a diagnosis of Parkinson disease.
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Physiotherapy is also an important treatment for Parkinson’s disease. It can help patients manage their symptoms by addressing their pain and improving flexibility. It can also help patients cope with depression. The aim of physical therapy is to improve mobility, increase muscle strength, and increase flexibility and range of motion. Physical therapists can recommend an exercise program that is safe for the person with Parkinson’s disease. The exercise program may include stretching, swimming, or walking. However, patients must be careful not to move too quickly, and should maintain a good posture.
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In addition to medical care, patients with Parkinson’s disease should also consult a support group. Support groups are invaluable sources of information and emotional support. Local Parkinson’s disease support groups can help patients choose doctors and therapists and discuss topics related to the condition. Throughout the course of the disease, patients should work with their healthcare provider to monitor their symptoms and adjust their medication to maintain the best quality of life.
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Surgery is another treatment option for Parkinson’s patients. Though this does not cure the disease, it can improve symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. It can also reduce the amount of medicine a person needs to treat Parkinson’s. Deep brain stimulation is another approved treatment for Parkinson’s disease that involves implanting a small electrical device in the brain. If performed correctly, deep brain stimulation can ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s and reduce the need for some medicines.
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The main treatment for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa, a drug that is used to stimulate dopamine production in nerve cells. Levodopa is usually combined with another drug, carbidopa, to reduce the risk of side effects and minimize the amount of drug needed to alleviate symptoms. It is important to take levodopa regularly, as abrupt withdrawal from this treatment can have severe consequences.
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People who have a family history of Parkinson disease are at a greater risk for developing it. This is probably due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to chemicals and toxins can also increase your risk. The symptoms of Parkinson disease include rigid muscles, postural instability, and poor balance.
