Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that is caused by a lack of dopamine in the brain. This hormone controls movement in the body. When dopamine is absent, the body’s nerve cells fire improperly. These abnormal reactions result in a variety of symptoms, including difficulty walking and thinking. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be mild to severe, depending on the type of symptoms the patient has.
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In most cases, the symptoms of the disease are progressive. Initially, people may not show any symptoms at all. Over time, the condition will worsen until the patient’s body is unable to control his or her movements. Other symptoms may include changes in mental ability, fatigue, depression, and sleep problems.
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Doctors diagnose the disease by performing a physical examination and neurological examination. They may also order lab tests to rule out other disorders. In addition, they may ask about symptoms and other medications taken and whether the patient has been exposed to toxins or other illnesses. Sometimes, Parkinson’s disease is difficult to diagnose at an early stage. However, a thorough physical examination and neurological examination are necessary for a correct diagnosis. If the symptoms are severe, a physician may perform additional tests, such as a blood test or imaging tests.
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In addition to the motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease patients also experience problems with their sense of smell and taste. The olfactory bulb is heavily involved in odor and flavor. Because alpha-synuclein builds up in the olfactory bulb, it can interfere with the patient’s sense of smell.
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Besides medication, exercise is vital in treating Parkinson’s disease. Physical activity helps improve muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. Additionally, it can also reduce feelings of depression. A physical therapist can help you develop an exercise program. Physical activities may include swimming, walking, or stretching. Try not to move too quickly and pay attention to your posture and gait. As the disease progresses, patients may experience tremors in some limbs.
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Surgery is another option to help with Parkinson’s symptoms. While this is not a cure for the disease, it can help relieve some symptoms and even help a person with Parkinson’s to reduce the amount of medicine needed. It can also help reduce tremor and reduce wriggling movements. In this procedure, doctors implant electrodes into the brain, which are connected to a tiny generator in the chest. This procedure is usually done while the patient is awake.
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Treatments for Parkinson’s disease have improved tremendously over the years. While there is no known cure for the disease, medications can greatly improve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Some patients may require surgery, while others can make lifestyle changes. Some doctors also prescribe exercise and other therapies for the patient to improve their quality of life. Some doctors may also prescribe medicines to treat sleep and constipation. For those who have difficulty walking, a specialist will help them develop strategies to improve their ability to communicate.
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One of the main therapies for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. It works by converting into dopamine in nerve cells and replenishing the brain’s decreasing supply. Levodopa is often taken with another medication called carbidopa. This helps to reduce the side effects of levodopa and reduce the amount of levodopa required for symptomatic relief.
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A combination of genetic and environmental factors can cause Parkinson’s disease. Genetic predisposition may contribute to the disease, while environmental risk factors may lead to the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Exposure to pesticides and herbicides may also increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s. While no test can definitively diagnose PD, imaging exams can rule out other causes of the symptoms. An accurate diagnosis is made based on careful physical examination and medical history.
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As with any chronic illness, living with Parkinson’s disease is challenging. It can lead to feelings of anger and depression. It’s also essential to recognize that the disease progresses slowly. If symptoms are bothersome or becoming too difficult to manage, it is important to discuss them with your healthcare provider to make sure you’re not ignoring anything. Fortunately, most symptoms of the disease are manageable, and can be effectively treated.
