A biopsy is one of the first tests needed to diagnose cancer near the anus. Usually, cancer cells are visible through the anal canal and a biopsy will reveal whether they are cancerous. Further tests will determine the size and spread of the cancer. A rectal ultrasound is another test that can help doctors find cancer cells. If you experience any changes in your anus, it is best to seek medical attention. You may also want to request screening for cancer near the anus.
Surgery is another treatment option for cancer near the anus. Local resection involves removing the tumor and the surrounding healthy tissue. It is generally performed on cancer that is found in the lower part of the anus and has not spread to the surrounding areas. This is the best option for small, early stage cancers. A local resection may involve a surgical procedure known as open surgery, but it can be risky. The recovery rate is lower if the cancer is detected at an early stage.
There are two types of anal cancer. Stage 2 is a tumor that is greater than two centimeters (1 inch) in size and has not spread to lymph nodes. Stage 3a and 3b are more serious and require immediate medical attention. In stage 4, the cancer has spread beyond the anus and to distant organs. If you notice symptoms in your anus, visit a doctor. You should make an appointment as soon as possible.
Surgical procedures for cancer near the anus include proctoscopy and endoscopy. These procedures involve a thin tube-like instrument that can look inside the anus. The healthcare provider may also perform a digital rectal examination, which involves inserting a finger into the anus to feel for any abnormalities. A biopsy may also be performed to remove a small piece of abnormal tissue for further analysis in the lab.
Surgery is a common treatment for anal cancer, which can be performed when the disease is in its early stages. Sometimes, cancer cells return after being treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The type of surgery you receive will depend on the type and size of the tumour. Early stage cancers with no muscle involvement are operable as a local resection. In some cases, a combination of chemotherapy and radiation is also used. It is important to know the treatment for your specific type of anal cancer.
The most common type of cancer near the anus is squamous cell carcinoma. This form is often the result of an infection with the HPV virus. It starts in squamous cells in the anal canal, and grows into the deeper layers of the anal canal. Adenocarcinomas begin in the glands in the anal area and have the same symptoms as squamous cell carcinomas.
People with anal cancer usually go to a doctor after experiencing rectal bleeding or other symptoms. A digital rectal exam may be helpful in detecting anal cancers early. This test is usually part of a prostate exam, and the physician will insert a finger into the anus to feel for lumps. Other preventative exams include pelvic MRI, which evaluates lymph nodes and can help detect cancer. The risk of developing anal cancer is higher in people with HIV, or those who have taken immunosuppressant medications, or people who are over 50.
