Prolactinoma symptoms are caused by an abnormal growth of cells within the pituitary gland, located in the brain. This type of tumor causes problems with the reproductive system and can also increase your risk of osteoporosis. A person with prolactinoma may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, libido, and other hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. These changes can be treated, but some people require surgery or radiation therapy.
Symptoms of prolactinoma can vary depending on how large the tumor is. Larger tumors can cause symptoms such as headaches and vision issues, while smaller ones will not. The symptoms can be caused by pressure from the tumor on nearby structures. For example, a large tumor can press on the optic nerve and compress the pathways in the brain that control vision. Some people will require surgery to remove the tumor.
Symptoms of a prolactinoma can be hard to detect unless the patient is experiencing other symptoms, such as a delayed period or low libido. Because the symptoms are often associated with other medical conditions, the health care provider will usually check other factors in the diagnosis. If the patient’s symptoms are bothersome, the doctor will try to treat the condition to alleviate symptoms. There are a number of medications that can help with the treatment of prolactinoma, including dopamine agonists. Dopamine agonists act as a chemical in the brain, keeping the pituitary gland from producing prolactin.
Prolactinomas are most common in women, but men can develop them. They are very common in women who are premenopausal, especially those who are pregnant. Although the disease is uncommon in children, it can happen. Women with a prolactinoma may experience irregular periods, galactorrhea (excess discharge from the nipple), erectile dysfunction, and decreased body hair. Males with a prolactinoma can also have impotence, gynecomastia, and sexual dysfunction. Men also have a higher risk of developing a prolactinoma if they have hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive.
Prolactinomas are very treatable. Many patients will experience a gradual improvement in their symptoms after taking medication or radiation therapy. However, a small percentage of patients will have to undergo surgical removal of the tumor. In addition, some will have to take medication for a long time. While these treatments are effective, they are not always the best option.
Treatment for prolactinoma is aimed at preventing symptoms from reoccurring. Patients will have to take medication for the duration of their illness, or for at least two years. Depending on the size of the tumor, the treatment may include transcranial or other forms of surgery. Surgical procedures include making a cut behind the nasal cavity.
In the case of a large prolactinom, surgery can be performed through the top of the skull. Using a CT or MRI scan, the surgeon will determine the exact location of the tumor. Surgery is most commonly done through the transsphenoidal route. As a result of the surgery, the patient will be required to open their skull.
