Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. It is caused by viruses and can be chronic or acute (short-term). In the United States, the most common types are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions also can cause hepatitis.
Hepatovirus hepatitis occurs when the body’s immune system attacks liver cells and can cause long-term (chronic) damage to the liver, called cirrhosis. This can lead to liver failure and may require a liver transplant.
Viral hepatitis is the most common type and typically resolves on its own in most people. The virus can be transmitted through contact with the feces or blood of an infected person. It can also be spread sexually or through sharing eating utensils.
The symptoms of viral hepatitis can be a fever, itching, a lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and dark urine. If the infection is severe, it can lead to jaundice or liver failure.
Acute viral hepatitis usually resolves within a few months and is not life-threatening, although it can be difficult for the affected person to eat or drink. It is usually treated with oral medications, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir, that are available in the United States.
Vaccines can help prevent hepatitis A, B, and E. They are available in most countries around the world, but not all people have access to them.
The best way to protect yourself from hepatitis A is to wash your hands regularly and after you use the toilet, and to keep foods covered at all times. This is particularly important if you have been in contact with an infected person.
If you have hepatitis A, it is very important to see your doctor as soon as you are feeling unwell. You may need to get blood tests to make sure the infection is not progressing.
Some doctors prescribe anti-viral drugs for the treatment of hepatitis A, such as acyclovir or pegylated interferon alpha. These medicines can cause side effects and should not be used in pregnancy or by people with cirrhosis of the liver or other serious medical conditions.
It is also very important to eat healthy foods and avoid eating fatty foods and alcohol during the infection and for several months after recovery. A diet low in sugar and high in fiber can help you feel better and reduce your risk of developing chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis A is infectious from 2 weeks before the first signs of illness to one week after you become jaundiced (have yellow skin and eyes). This is why it’s so important to make sure that you don’t touch anything that has been touched by someone with hepatitis A, or to eat or drink foods that have been contaminated with feces from an infected person.
Hepatitis A is most commonly found in developing countries where sanitation is poor. It is more common in people aged 50 or older and those who have other liver conditions, such as cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious illness and can cause liver failure or death in some cases, but this is rare.
