Breast cancer occurs when some cells in the breast begin to grow abnormally and build up in a lump or mass. Left untreated, it can spread from the breast tissue to other parts of the body, such as the bones or lungs. Women are at greater risk for breast cancer if they have a family history of the disease (first-degree relatives) or if they are over 50 years old. Certain lifestyle factors, such as being overweight, can also increase a woman’s chance of developing the disease.
Typically, the first symptom is a painless lump or thickening in one of the breasts. But a lump isn’t the only symptom of the disease, and it is important to know what to look for.
Many times, a lump in the breast will be visible and feel firm to the touch. Other times, it may be hard to see but can be felt as a change in the shape or texture of a breast or armpit. Sometimes, the breasts can ache or feel tender.
Pain in the breast is often a sign of cancer, but it can also be a symptom of other medical conditions. If a woman experiences pain, she should always visit her doctor for evaluation.
Other signs of breast cancer include nipple discharge that is bloody, especially if it is happening only on one side of the chest or nipple, and changes in the shape of a breast. For example, a woman’s nipple might sink in or cave in. Or, the skin of the nipple might have an orange peel or look and feel different.
There are several types of breast cancer. For instance, some start in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma). Other types of breast cancer begin in the glandular tissue called lobules. Still others start in other cells or tissues within the breast. Some types of breast cancer can spread into the lymph nodes and other parts of the body, including the lungs and liver.
While most people associate a breast lump with breast cancer, it’s possible to have the disease without a lump. In fact, most patients who are diagnosed with the condition experience other symptoms, such as a nipple that is leaking or one breast that is larger than the other.
Whether or not a woman has a lump, it’s important to have any breast changes evaluated by a doctor. Symptoms that should never be ignored include a nipple discharge, a change in the size or appearance of a breast, pain, a lump and a change in the nipple or armpit skin.
