There are two main types of cervix cancer. Adenocarcinoma is less common, but still fatal. This type of cancer develops in the glandular cells that make mucus in the cervical canal. Treatments for both types of cervical cancer are similar. Most cases of cervical cancer occur in women in their thirties or forties, although it can happen at any age. Cervix cancer in young women is extremely rare.
The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is HPV infection. Besides this, high parity and other factors contribute to an increased risk of the disease. Tobacco smoking, such as smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, hookah, and shisha, contributes to the progression of HR HPV infection and the subsequent development of high cervical pre-cancer. The association between smoking and HR HPV DNA positivity is significant, and it is thought that the two are linked.
Pregnancy does not change the course of cervical cancer, but it does influence treatment options. Patients may postpone treatment until their risk of pregnancy is reduced. This is most common with less aggressive subtypes, such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma. However, women with higher-risk subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, should be counseled to undergo immediate treatment.
Recurrent cervical cancer can be treated with surgery. The PDQ cancer information summary provides evidence-based information to clinicians. However, it does not represent formal recommendations or guidelines. The PDQ adult treatment editorial board is independent of the National Cancer Institute and reviews the literature independently. It reflects unbiased opinion, but does not reflect NCI policy. When considering surgery for cervix cancer, patients should be informed of all risks and possible side effects.
The incidence of cervical cancer worldwide is reported by the world’s major economic powers, and the geographic location of the disease. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Baseline continuous and categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test with Yate’s correction. The association between age and the risk of cervical cancer was tested with multivariate analysis and the Chi-square test. Lastly, the association between age and cervix cancer was evaluated by using the ASR per 100,000 women.
Geographic location and socioeconomic status of a country play a significant role in the incidence of cervical cancer. Women in low-income countries are more likely to develop the disease, which is associated with poorer socioeconomic status. In 2013 alone, women in low-income countries were most likely to develop a cervical cancer diagnosis. In sub-Saharan Africa, the incidence of cervical cancer was 24%, and it was nearly 30% in Eastern Europe and Latin America.
Although African countries had higher rates of cervical cancer than the rest of the world, the incidence of HIV-associated uterine cancer was significantly lower than in other countries. However, the disease’s incidence has increased in LMICs because of the advanced stage of diagnosis and inaccessibility to treatment. Clearly, urgent action is needed in the public health sector. The study showed that age-standardised cervical cancer incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa was an underestimation. A different model regressed the age-standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa against the prevalence of HR HPV among women with normal cervical cytology.
