When these cells grow abnormally, they start to form tumors. The two most common types of ovarian cancer are epithelial and stromal. Epithelial tumors develop in the cells that cover the ovary, which are the ones that produce the egg.
The ovarian cancer is categorized into four stages, with the lowest stage being Stage IA. Stage I is further broken down into three substages. Stage IA is comprised of cancer confined to one ovary. Stage IB involves cancer in both ovaries. Stage IC is composed of cancer that has spread beyond the ovary. Cancer may also spread to the lymph nodes, abdominal fluid, and other organs in the abdominal cavity.
A definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer requires surgery. In the initial surgery, the cancer is removed and a sample of the uterus and ovaries is taken. This process helps determine whether the cancer has spread. Patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer may benefit from a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. However, residual tumor burden increases the risk of further cellular damage. However, this type of surgery is generally the preferred option for patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
A diagnosis of ovarian cancer is based on a number of factors, including age, family history, and the presence of specific symptoms. A doctor will typically conduct a pelvic examination and imaging tests. A CT scan, ultrasound, and blood tests can detect high levels of CA-125, which is a tumor marker. A biopsy of an ovary tissue sample will also confirm the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It is important to note that some women with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer will experience repeated symptoms of a condition that does not appear to be cancer.
Women with a family history of ovarian cancer are at a higher risk for ovarian cancer than other women. The disease is also associated with certain types of cancer, including obesity and menstruation. Women with a history of colon or breast cancer are also at higher risk. Symptoms of ovarian cancer can look like those of other medical conditions. They can also include weight gain and nausea and fatigue. This is a good sign to seek medical advice immediately.
Other types of ovarian cancer include stromal tumors, epithelial tumors, and small cell carcinoma. The likelihood of developing these types of cancer is increased by certain syndromes, such as Ollier disease. Certain risk factors do not guarantee that someone will develop the disease, but they do increase their risk. If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, speak with your doctor to get checked. Your doctor may recommend genetic testing for a high-risk gene.
Typically, ovarian stromal tumors are benign. In fact, they represent less than 1% of primary malignant ovarian tumors. They tend to occur in women in their reproductive years and are typically treated with ovarian cystectomy. Some women will experience abdominal pain and constipation, as well as a mass. In some cases, the tumor may rupture in the pelvic cavity. If this happens, it may be time to consult with a physician.
