Some symptoms of this disease may be the same as those of other types of cancer. For instance, uterine fibroids may cause abdominal bloating, pain during bowel movements, and constipation. These symptoms might also be due to a blockage in the fallopian tubes. Additionally, women with ovarian cancer may experience changes in their menstrual cycle. Despite the fact that the cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, scientists are guessing that multiple factors may contribute to the development of the disease.
When it comes to diagnosis, ovarian cancer is classified into four stages, or substages. The lower stage is known as stage IA, and the highest stage is stage IIB. Stage IA refers to cancer that has not spread outside the ovaries. Stage 1B and stage IC are both used to describe cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. In stage IV, cancer has spread to lymph nodes or peritoneum cavity.
When diagnosing ovarian cancer, a physician may use imaging tests, including CT scans, pelvic exams, and transvaginal ultrasounds. Blood tests may also be used to screen for liver and kidney dysfunction, but are not specifically used to diagnose the disease. If these tests show that the disease is ovarian, a biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. If the diagnosis of ovarian cancer is made, surgery and chemotherapy may be recommended.
Some women may also experience lower abdominal pain, similar to the pain experienced during their period. These symptoms might be mistaken for period cramps, so it is best to seek medical attention. If you’re unsure whether you have ovarian cancer, you can use the Healthline FindCare tool to find a primary care doctor in your area. You should also be aware of any sudden changes in your body that may indicate the disease.
Genetics can play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. Certain gene variants, such as the BRIP1 gene, are linked to an increased risk of the disease. However, other environmental factors can also contribute to the development of ovarian cancer. These genes are also linked to other subtypes of the disease. Eventually, this knowledge can help doctors design more effective cancer treatments. The hope is that better treatments can be developed that target specific genetic factors.
A definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer may require surgery. The initial surgery removes the tumor and uterus, and tissue samples are then taken to determine how far the cancer has spread. After the cancer has been removed, chemotherapy may be required. This treatment is effective in many women, but some women develop drug resistance to the drugs. In addition to chemotherapy, radiation is another treatment option for ovarian cancer. In both cases, the cancer treatment may vary based on the type and stage of the disease.
Transvaginal ultrasound is a diagnostic procedure that examines the reproductive organs and the uterus. It can also detect cysts within the ovaries. The doctor inserts a wand into the vagina, which sends sound waves to the internal organs. The computer receives these waves and analyzes them. Once a cancerous growth has been identified, the doctor may recommend further tests. It is important to undergo annual visits to a gynecologist for more accurate diagnosis.
