Anal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the anus. It starts in cells on the anal margin and can occur in either a man or a woman. It’s a more common occurrence in men, but it can also develop in women. There are two different types of anal cancer: intraepithelial neoplasm and extraepithelial sarcoma. The risk for developing anal neoplasm is higher in people with other types of cancer, especially females. The risk for anal neoplasm is also increased in those with immune suppressed illnesses, such as AIDS and transplants.
During the early stages of anal cancer, the tumour is small and may not cause symptoms. It may be a symptom of a more advanced form of the disease. If the cancer spreads to nearby organs, it is classified as stage IIIA or stage IIIB. If the cancer spreads to distant organs, it is classified as stage IV. Depending on the location of the tumour, treatment can differ significantly.
The clinical presentation of anal cancer varies from stage to stage. Those with localized disease experience more pain and gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with locally advanced disease are more likely to describe perianal pain and constipation than patients with early disease. Both groups report anal pain, although patients with stage I disease often report less severe symptoms. Anal pain occurs equally frequently in patients with both early and advanced stages of the disease.
The majority of cases of anal cancer are localized and can be detected at an early stage. However, if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is called stage IIIB. If the disease has spread to the lymph nodes of the rectum, it is classified as stage IV. The treatment options for this type of anal cancer will differ depending on the stage of the disease. In general, anal cancer is a rare but serious disease. When diagnosed early, anal tumours are treatable, but the survival rate is low and the prognosis is good.
Anal cancer symptoms differ according to stage. Patients with stage I anal tumors report anaesthetic neoplasm have the most symptoms. Most patients describe anal pain as well as abdominal pain. Generally, anal cancer is a benign cancer. The treatment options depend on stage is based on the T-stage of the tumor. Once diagnosed, there are other types of anal anaemia and the most common is chemotherapy for localized cases.
Depending on the stage of the disease, it can spread to other parts of the body. Anal cancer can affect the sphincter muscle, but rarely metastasizes to other parts of the body. In most cases, anal cancer cannot spread to distant organs. It usually spreads to the lungs or liver. It can cause discomfort and loss of hair. Once the cancer has spread, it can spread.
The most common anal cancer symptoms are constipation, bleeding, or change in bowel habits. Diarrhea, constipation, and blood in the stool are all symptoms of stage I anal cancer. Other anal cancer symptoms include changes in bowel habits, anaesthesia, or the presence of a lump. These symptoms are not necessarily signs of anal neoplasms, but should be investigated.
