In barrett’s esophagus, the cells lining the lower part of the esophagus (the tube connecting the stomach and mouth) change and are replaced by abnormal cells. The condition most often develops in people who have long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. People with GERD have chronic acid reflux that irritates the esophageal lining. Normally, a muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) opens to let food into the stomach and closes to prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Acid reflux can erode the lining of the esophagus over time, causing the cells to change and becoming more similar to the lining of the stomach and intestines.
Barrett’s esophagus may not cause symptoms, but if it does, the most common are heartburn that happens two or more times a week and the feeling that food is stuck in your throat (dysphagia). People with barrett’s esophagus have a slightly higher risk of developing a rare cancer of the esophagus called esophageal adenocarcinoma, so doctors recommend regular endoscopies and biopsies to monitor the condition.
A biopsy is usually done during an endoscopy. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a camera into your mouth and into the lower esophagus. Then, a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for signs of precancerous or cancerous cells.
People with barratt’s esophagus are treated with medications or with surgery. Medications control symptoms and reduce the chance that the abnormal cells will develop into cancer. Some of these medicines decrease the amount of acid that the stomach produces, while others treat the cells in the esophagus. Surgery can be used to narrow the opening of the sphincter, which can help reduce acid reflux.
Changing your diet can help control GERD and reduce the chances of developing barrett’s esophagus. You should avoid foods that are rich in fat or can trigger reflux, such as fried foods, mint, chocolate and alcohol. You should also try to eat smaller meals and eat slowly. Some treatments can also be helpful, such as avoiding certain over-the-counter medications for GERD and limiting caffeine.
Although natural remedies can be helpful in controlling symptoms, they have not been found to reverse or cure Barrett’s esophagus. In addition, they do not address the underlying causes of the problem, which is why a medical approach is necessary.
At City of Hope, our gastroenterologists and specialized nurses will work with you to develop a treatment plan that meets your unique needs. We offer a variety of lifestyle changes, medications and minimally invasive procedures to treat abnormal tissue and ease symptoms. For more information, call us today. You can also find support through our nurse-led patient groups and online forums. We are one of the few programs in the country dedicated to treating Barrett’s esophagus. This new partnership expands your access to comprehensive care and support.
