Bile duct cancer is a serious disease that affects the bile ducts. It can be treated with surgery. Surgery can remove the tumor, but the patient may not be healthy enough to undergo it. If the cancer has spread to the liver, part or all of it will have to be removed. If there is no other treatment available, the patient may need a liver transplant. The treatment for bile duct cancer depends on the stage and location of the disease.
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Diagnostic tests include liver function tests that measure the enzymes produced by the liver and tumor marker tests that measure the presence of proteins or substances indicative of cancer. An abdominal ultrasound may be the first imaging test for bile duct cancer. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or MRCP, uses an MRI machine to take detailed pictures of organs. If your doctor suspects bile duct cancer, you should undergo a biopsy.
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Typical bile duct cancer symptoms include abdominal pain, which usually appears during the later stages of the disease. The pain typically develops in the right side of the abdomen, where the cancer presses on nearby organs. Fever may also occur, and patients with jaundice may experience shivering and coldness. Loss of appetite or energy may also be a sign of bile duct cancer.
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People with liver disease and a history of chronic bile duct inflammation may also have an increased risk of the disease. Several risk factors may increase a patient’s risk for bile duct cancer, including alcoholic liver disease and a history of hepatitis. Some people may also have stones in their liver, which is less common in the North American population than in Asian populations. However, bile duct cancer symptoms are often difficult to detect.
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Treatment for bile duct cancer may include surgery followed by chemotherapy. It may also include a treatment called radiotherapy. Radiation helps shrink the tumor before surgery, and treatment involving chemotherapy and surgery may relieve symptoms. Surgical treatment is another option for people with bile duct cancer, and may be offered as part of a clinical trial. In either case, it is important to talk to a physician and family member about any concerns or questions you may have.
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The most common symptom of bile duct cancer is jaundice, although this symptom is usually caused by other conditions, such as gallstones. However, a person who develops jaundice should seek medical attention right away. Additionally, bilirubin is responsible for the brown color of bowel movements, and can cause fatigue and bloating. In some cases, patients may also experience unexplained weight loss.
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The treatment of bile duct cancer depends on the stage, size and location of the tumor, and general health. Treatment for bile duct cancer may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and photodynamic therapy. The goal is to control symptoms and preserve the quality of life for patients. A healthcare team may also offer support for patients during treatment. It may be helpful to consult with a neurologist before beginning treatment.
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A biopsy of the bile duct is also possible using a procedure called endoscopy. During this procedure, the doctor will insert a thin tube through the mouth or rectum and view the bile duct, liver, and gallbladder. The results of the biopsy will be used to guide treatment. For some patients, bile duct cancer may be detected with palliative therapy, which improves the quality of life and relieves the symptoms of the disease.
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A patient may experience bile duct cancer symptoms despite a negative blood test. Because of the deep location of the bile ducts, early symptoms of the disease are difficult to recognize. Symptoms of bile duct cancer may only become obvious after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. There is no cure for the disease. Cancer treatment for bile ducts should begin as soon as possible.
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After cancer has spread to the bile ducts, treatment plans are tailored to the type of tumor that has formed and its stage. Stages range from 0 to IV. Stage IV indicates the spread of the cancer beyond the liver and can affect other organs. Both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancers have similar stages. Stage and treatment plans depend on how far the cancer has spread and whether it can be removed through surgery.
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Treatment for bile duct cancer may include a biopsy. This sample is taken from the tumor to be tested in a laboratory. The biopsy results will indicate the type and grade of cancer and the likelihood of its aggressiveness. The biopsy may be performed through surgery or by a needle. Blood tests may also be conducted to evaluate organ function and check for infection or anemia. Blood tests may also reveal an elevated level of protein levels that indicate the presence of cancer.
