If cancer is detected in the vicinity of the eye, treatment options can be very different. A doctor may recommend surgery, or he or she may opt for radiation therapy or a combination of both. Treatment options are based on the type of cancer, where the tumor is located, how much of the eye has been damaged, the age of the patient, and the patient’s personal preferences. Depending on the type of cancer and its location, treatment goals may include preserving the eye and ability to see, or preventing the cancer from spreading to the surrounding eye.
Some types of cancer near the eye may occur in the choroidal region. This region of the eye houses blood vessels that feed the inner eye. While many people do not experience symptoms of choroidal melanoma, others may have floating black spots or dark patches in their field of vision. In addition, the pupil may change shape as the tumor grows. In either case, it is vital to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
In addition to surgery, a doctor may perform an imaging test called fluorescein angiography. Fluorescein is a dye that is injected into a vein in the arm, where it travels through the bloodstream to the blood vessels of the eye. A small camera equipped with special filters will detect fluorescein, allowing the doctor to create a clear picture of the eye’s structures and detect any damage.
While there are many types of cancer, most of these affect the retina. Melanoma affects the retina, which is a transparent layer of tissue located near the back of the eye. In this instance, cancer in the eye can spread to the choroid, which can affect the retina’s blood supply. The most common type of cancer near the eye is choroidal melanoma, which develops in pigment-producing cells in the choroid. It is rare in people of European descent, occurs in people aged 55-60 and is more prevalent in people of White skin.
Cancers near the eye can affect the iris, ciliary body, or choroid. Cancers in these areas are the most difficult to treat and can affect the eye’s vision and even cause blurry vision. Cancer in these areas may also affect the eyelid, or the conjunctiva, which is a thin coating over the white of the eye. Cancers in these areas of the eye can also spread to other parts of the body.
When radiation is used to treat eye cancer, it may cause side effects, including eye damage. The severity of these effects depends on the type of treatment, the location of the tumor, the patient’s general health, and other factors. A larger tumor will cause more side effects. Although the effects of radiation therapy may be mild in some cases, some may be serious and require surgery. Patients should talk to their doctors to determine what to expect from the procedure.
