Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are small strokes that are triggered by decreased blood flow to the brain. These strokes often serve as warning signs for an imminent stroke. The symptoms of transient ischemic attacks range from a minor change in speech and mental acuity to obvious loss of sensation or coordination. Symptoms of stroke depend on the severity of the disease, its duration, and how much trauma has occurred.
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TIAs and full-blown stroke have different risk factors and treatments. While they may be minor, TIAs can last minutes to several hours. Because they are a warning sign, it is critical to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment options for strokes depend on the type of stroke, part of the brain affected, and the cause. Medication is the standard of care for most strokes. It is important to note that medications for strokes can only prevent a second stroke.
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High blood pressure is the most common risk factor for stroke. Men also have higher risk of diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Age is another factor; women are more likely to suffer from a stroke than men. Smoking, being overweight, and high blood pressure all increase the risk of a stroke. Other risk factors include hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The symptoms of a stroke can be sudden and unexpected. Some people also experience changes in their senses and difficulty speaking.
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage, meanwhile, is a type of stroke caused by bleeding outside of brain tissue. The blood clot blocks the innermost layer of the meninges. It can cause neurological impairment and reveal a previous head injury. Although not as severe as TIAs, hemorrhagic stroke can lead to paralysis of the motor cortex and can also manifest as a headache or unsteady gait.
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As the brain receives little blood, it becomes increasingly difficult for it to function properly. An ischemic stroke can occur anywhere in the brain. The clotted blood vessel deprived the affected area of brain with blood and oxygen. The resulting lack of blood results in cell death. A clot-busting drug can restore blood flow within three to four and a half hours. The symptoms of a ischemic stroke depend on where the blood vessel is obstructed and the extent of brain damage.
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Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a sudden interruption of blood flow to brain cells. When this occurs, brain cells will cease to function. Depending on the cause of the stroke, the artery may rupture inside the brain or block a portion of it. When a stroke victim experiences any of these symptoms, they should seek immediate medical attention. Although survival rates are not 100%, they will likely recover. Survivors of CVAs may have some permanent brain damage, so identifying the symptoms is crucial for their quality of life.
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TIAs are often mistaken for a stroke. A TIA, also called a mini-stroke, is a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention. Although TIA symptoms may go away on their own, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. TIAs can be an early warning sign of a more serious, life-threatening stroke. One third of all strokes begin with a TIA.
