Cancer is abnormal cellular growth that forms in tissues and cells of the body. Esophageal cancer develops in the lining of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach).
The most common symptoms of esophageal cancer are difficulty swallowing, chest pain and weight loss. Other signs and symptoms may occur as the cancer progresses.
Difficulty Swallowing
The first sign of esophageal cancer is usually trouble swallowing, or dysphagia. This problem usually starts with bigger pieces of solid food such as meat and bread. But it can also affect softer foods such as eggs, soup and stews. Over time, it can even affect liquids like milk. Eventually, people with esophageal cancer often stop eating solid food altogether and switch to a liquid diet.
A Persistent Cough
Around 20% of people with esophageal cancer develop a persistent cough. It can be triggered by eating or by other factors, such as acid reflux from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Unlike a cold or the flu, a persistent cough that doesn’t respond to treatment is a serious symptom that should be evaluated by a doctor.
Chest Pain
A pain that feels like burning or pressure in the middle of the chest is a common sign of esophageal cancer. This is because a tumor in the esophagus presses against the nerves that run from the throat to the heart and lungs. This causes the muscles in the chest to tighten and spasm. Sometimes, people who have esophageal cancer also get a feeling that something is stuck in their throat.
Weight Loss
People with esophageal cancer are more likely to lose weight, particularly in the early stages of the disease when the tumor is smaller. They also might feel nauseous or vomit after they eat. This is because the tumor prevents them from eating enough to maintain a healthy weight.
Sometimes, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastasis. It can happen when cancerous cells break off from the esophagus and travel to other organs in the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Other symptoms of esophageal cancer include:
A swollen abdomen (abdomen) can be a sign of advanced esophageal cancer. This happens because the cancer has spread to the liver and has built up fluid in the abdominal area. This can make your clothes fit tighter and it can be uncomfortable to sit or move.
There are many tests that can be done to diagnose esophageal cancer. The first step is a physical exam and a review of your health history. Then your doctor will do an x-ray of the chest to check for a lump or other unusual signs of cancer in the esophagus. They will also do an exam of your neck and throat for signs of a possible tumor. They will also do a biopsy to determine the type of esophageal cancer you have. Your doctor will discuss the results of these tests with you.
