Gallbladder cancer is a type of liver tumor that causes jaundice, a yellow discoloration of the skin or the whites of the eyes. It develops when bilirubin does not get disposed of properly by the liver. Bile is the color of feces. The liver and gallbladder function together to facilitate digestion. However, when cancer starts to grow in the gallbladder, bile ducts may become blocked. The most common symptoms of gallbladder cancer are jaundice and abdominal pain.
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Symptoms of gallbladder cancer are often vague and difficult to diagnose. While jaundice is one of the first signs, a patient may describe other symptoms as well, including unexplained pain or swelling. Some gallbladder cancer symptoms are similar to those of cholecystitis. Some people also develop a syndrome called Mirizzi’s syndrome, which has been associated with gallbladder cancer. Weight loss may also be a sign of advanced disease.
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Early detection is vital for the successful treatment of gallbladder cancer. Although gallbladder cancer is rare, it is a serious disease that must be treated immediately. Although symptoms may be vague, it is still necessary to visit a healthcare provider as soon as possible if you notice any of these symptoms. Unlike other cancers, gallbladder cancer may not be apparent until it has spread to distant organs, and therefore, early treatment is essential to the survival of the patient.
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Stages of gallbladder cancer are categorized based on the extent of metastasis. Stage 0 is not a sign of the disease, but a biopsy will help the doctor decide on the best course of treatment. This stage will determine the extent of tumor spread. A doctor will determine which tumor stage a patient is in based on the biopsy and lymph node location. When a cancer has spread beyond the gallbladder, it will be classified as a stage IIIA tumor.
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Stage IIb cancer has spread to the connective tissue layer of the gallbladder’s wall, but it has not spread to the liver. Stage III cancer has spread to nearby structures and organs. It may have spread to lymph nodes and three lymph nodes. The patient may have to undergo surgery in order to treat the cancer. Fortunately, surgery for gallbladder cancer is possible, but it is only an option for early stages of the disease.
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When cancer has spread to the main blood vessel leading to the liver, a stage III diagnosis indicates that the disease has metastasized to other organs. Cancer cells may spread throughout the body. If they do, it is called a metastatic gallbladder cancer. It may also spread to the organs and tissues surrounding the gallbladder. Cancer cells in the gallbladder can spread to the liver and other parts of the body.
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CT scan: A CT scan produces detailed pictures of internal body structures. This scan takes up to 30 minutes and involves you lying flat on a table. A large metal tube is inserted into the body. A thin, camera-equipped tube is inserted through the body during a general anaesthetic. An x-ray of the bile duct is also useful in identifying gallbladder cancer.
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Treatment options: Although there is no cure for gallbladder cancer, if it is discovered early and isn’t spreading, it may be possible to remove the gallbladder. During this stage, treatment may be palliative, but chemotherapy and radiation may be necessary. The outcome of these treatments depends on the stage of the cancer and the symptoms. Symptoms can include a number of possible side effects, including nausea, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
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Diagnosis: A biopsy is a procedure that removes cells or fluid for closer examination. It may take place during a laparoscopy or cholangiography procedure. A pathologist examines the sample and looks for signs of the disease. The doctor and patient then discuss the treatment options. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the most common treatments for gallbladder cancer. Those treatments can be given alone or combined, depending on the stage of the disease.
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Diagnosis of gallbladder cancer requires a comprehensive approach. A gastroenterologist may request a thorough medical history and physical examination. A blood test to monitor liver function may be recommended to rule out other illnesses. Further, imaging tests may be necessary to evaluate the cancer. Imaging tests such as CT scan, MRI, and ultrasound may reveal gallbladder tumors. Surgical removal may also be necessary if the tumor has spread beyond the gallbladder.
