The first step in the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is to conduct a comprehensive physical examination and medical history. Your doctor may order blood tests to determine liver function, as gallbladder cancer often occurs when liver disease is present. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, are also recommended. Your doctor may also recommend an endoscopy, a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into your abdomen to visualize the gallbladder and obtain a biopsy. More sophisticated GI tests, including endoscopic ultrasound and retrograde cholangiopancreatography, may also be required.
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Pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen is common. In addition to pain in the upper right quadrant, abdominal pain may also accompany a diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. The pain is usually associated with a general loss of appetite. Jaundice, a condition where too much bilirubin builds up in the blood, can cause a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. You may also experience intense itching. Light or gray colored stools are another sign of a build-up of bilirubin in the system.
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While cancer is usually confined to the gallbladder, some cases spread to lymph nodes or other organs. In such cases, the disease may have spread to nearby organs, like the liver or peritoneum. Although this is rare, if the cancer has spread beyond the gallbladder, it might be a sign of a more serious disease. Cancer spread to distant organs is usually called stage IIIA.
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Some risk factors associated with gallbladder cancer include obesity and bile duct abnormalities. Native and Mexican Americans are at higher risk of developing gallbladder cancer than white people. Exposure to certain chemicals used in the textile and rubber industries may also increase your risk of developing gallbladder cancer. Genetics do not appear to be a factor in gallbladder cancer. If you notice any of these symptoms, be sure to schedule an appointment with a doctor.
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Treatment for gallbladder cancer is centered on surgical resection of the disease. Some patients may undergo diagnostic laparoscopy prior to surgery to further define the anatomy of the tumor. For some patients, higher T stages of the disease may warrant an en bloc resection of the gallbladder and the portal lymph nodes. While this procedure carries significant risks, it is the only treatment that affords a cure.
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The treatment for gallbladder cancer depends on its stage, location, age, and overall health of the patient. Treatment options will depend on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as personal preferences. Surgical removal of the gallbladder is the standard of treatment for gallbladder cancer. Patients can also undergo chemotherapy, radiation, or both. However, this treatment can only be effective when the disease is diagnosed in the early stages.
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In addition to surgery, gallbladder cancer is characterized by persistent abdominal pain. Symptoms of gallbladder cancer may be difficult to detect without specialized imaging tests. In addition to abdominal pain, gallbladder cancer is also associated with a range of other symptoms. In some cases, gallstones may be the cause of gallbladder cancer. When gallbladder cancer is detected, treatment is often effective and can reverse the disease.
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Symptoms of gallbladder cancer may include jaundice, fever, and pain. Early stage gallbladder cancer may not cause any symptoms at all. Most patients do not develop gallbladder cancer and undergo surgery for gallstones. However, symptoms of gallbladder cancer are often mistaken for other conditions and require a doctor’s evaluation. Your doctor will perform a biopsy of your gallbladder to determine its condition.
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To detect gallbladder cancer, the doctors use a procedure called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to x-ray the bile ducts. During this procedure, dye is injected through a catheter and taken on X-rays. If there is cancer outside the gallbladder, it will be staged. Your doctor will then choose the most appropriate treatment strategy for you.
