Although gallbladder cancer symptoms rarely manifest early, they can be common in people with similar illnesses. Often, doctors only suspect gallbladder cancer after diagnosing gallstones and performing a gallbladder removal. Several tests can be done to check for signs of the disease. Several of these tests include blood chemistries, which measure the level of specific substances in the blood. A liver function test can be used to rule out other conditions, but an ultrasound can help doctors identify gallbladder cancer. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay is also used to measure the amount of CEA in the blood. MRI and ultrasound can also be used to detect blockages in the liver and bile ducts.
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Some of the symptoms of gallbladder cancer include abdominal pain, usually in the upper right portion of the abdomen. A general loss of appetite can also accompany the diagnosis. Patients with jaundice, a condition caused by too much bilirubin in the blood, may also experience severe itching. Additionally, their stools may be gray or light colored. Symptoms may include any combination of the following:
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The treatment options for gallbladder cancer depend on the stage of the disease, the spread of the cancer, and the overall health of the patient. Depending on your age and general health, your doctor may recommend a combination of different treatment options. You may be prescribed both surgery and chemotherapy. The decision for treatment is ultimately up to you and your doctor. If you are diagnosed with gallbladder cancer, your doctor may recommend a combination of treatments to help you live a quality life.
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Many patients with gallbladder cancer may not experience any symptoms. Some suffer from abdominal pain, which is often vague and unspecific. Others may experience jaundice, which may be mistaken for cholecystitis. Other symptoms may be clay-colored stools, cola-colored urine, and skin pruritus. The disease may also cause weight loss. For those who experience these symptoms, it may be wise to see a doctor right away.
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CT scan: A computer-linked x-ray machine will take pictures of internal organs. CT scans can be more accurate than an abdominal ultrasound. In the latter, the doctor will insert a thin lighted tube into your mouth or belly. A cholangiography will also be done using contrast dye to visualize the bile ducts. It will help the doctor plan the removal of your gallbladder.
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The extent of the disease is classified by its stage. In cancer, it can be in situ or spread to nearby organs, such as the liver, peritoneum, or lungs. Stage 0 refers to cancer that has not spread beyond the gallbladder, which is rare. In stages I, a tumor is locally contained within the gallbladder, while stage II is the highest and most advanced stage. Stage 3A is characterized by an expansion that has invaded the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues.
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Generally, the most common gallbladder cancer type is adenocarcinoma. This is caused by mutations in the DNA of the gallbladder’s cells. These changes cause the cells to grow out of control and eventually form a tumor. If this tumor is not detected, it can spread to other parts of the body. Although gallbladder cancer is rare, it is common in women and men. People with gallstones are at a greater risk if they have more than one gallstone. People with polyps and a chronic inflammation also increase the risk.
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Surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer may include laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions in the abdominal wall. The laparoscope, or thin lighted tube, is then inserted through these incisions. Other instruments may be inserted as well, including a cholecystectomy or resection. If the cancer has spread beyond the gallbladder, chemotherapy or radiation may be recommended.
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Early symptoms of gallbladder cancer may be difficult to notice. Because the gallbladder is located so deep inside the body, cancer cells can spread rapidly and without detection. Early symptoms of gallbladder cancer include pain, bleeding, biliary insufficiency, nausea, and weight loss. Although gallbladder cancer is rare, if symptoms persist or progress, it is important to see a doctor.
