Typically, gallbladder cancer does not cause any noticeable symptoms, at least not until it has spread beyond the gallbladder. It is therefore possible to find the disease in the early stages, when treatment is more successful. Unfortunately, most symptoms of gallbladder cancer can be mistaken for other conditions. Gallstones, an inflammation of the gallbladder, and general lack of appetite can all be symptoms of gallbladder cancer.
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Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, is a symptom of gallbladder cancer. It develops when the liver fails to dispose of bilirubin, the pigment that gives your stool its yellow color. The gallbladder and liver function together to facilitate digestion. When cancer invades these structures, it blocks the bile ducts and may spread to the nearby lymph nodes. Jaundice is the most common warning sign of gallbladder cancer, and is present in 50 percent of patients at diagnosis.
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If cancer has spread outside the gallbladder, it can affect distant organs, such as the peritoneum, lungs, or liver. The cancer has reached stage 3A if it has spread to more distant organs, like the peritoneum, lymph nodes, and liver. Cancers in this stage may be curable, though it is rare. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, see your doctor immediately.
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In addition to a history of gallbladder inflammation, you may also have a family member who has had the disease. The chances of developing gallbladder cancer are lower in those with a history of chronic infections and inflammation of the gallbladder. In addition, the symptoms will likely not appear until the cancer has spread to nearby organs and lymph nodes. It is difficult to diagnose gallbladder cancer until it is very advanced.
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To diagnose gallbladder cancer, a physician will perform various tests. An abdominal ultrasound is often the first test. A more detailed view can be achieved with an endoscopic ultrasound. The ultrasound is performed with the help of a thin lighted tube that passes through the mouth or a small incision in the belly. Then, a doctor will perform a cholangiogram using a contrast dye. This test allows the doctor to see the bile ducts and liver. Cholangiography may also be used to diagnose gallbladder cancer.
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If the cancer is detected early enough, it may be possible to remove the gallbladder completely. If it is detected later, treatment can be palliative. Surgery may also be used in certain cases. In some cases, the disease is reversible and will be removed surgically. However, most cases of gallbladder cancer are unresectable, meaning they have spread too far to be removed through surgery.
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A doctor may recommend an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to determine the presence of gallbladder cancer. An endoscope, a thin lighted tube, is inserted through the mouth and small intestine. A catheter is inserted into the bile ducts and dye is injected through the catheter. The physician then takes an x-ray of the area.
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Treatment for gallbladder cancer can include a surgical procedure called cholecystectomy, which removes the gallbladder and part of the liver nearby. Alternatively, radiation therapy may be an option for patients. Radiation therapy is an excellent treatment for gallbladder cancer, and can be used in conjunction with other treatments to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment. However, radiation therapy can cause skin problems, liver damage, and fatigue.
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Early signs of gallbladder cancer can be hard to recognize, and doctors may not diagnose it until it has spread to other parts of the body. Because gallbladder cancer begins deep inside the body, it is difficult to detect in its early stages. Consequently, a diagnosis of gallbladder cancer may take a few years. If it is detected early, the cancer will not be threatening to the gallbladder.
