There are several different types of gastric cancer. Stage 4 involves the cancer spreading into the deeper layers of the stomach, and may also spread to nearby lymph nodes. If it has not yet spread to distant organs, stage 4 stomach cancer is not life-threatening. Patients will still be able to eat. Symptoms may not occur until the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and surrounding organs. To determine if you have stage 4 gastric cancer, your doctor will perform an MRI to look for any changes in your digestive system.
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A doctor will ask you about your medical history, and may order blood tests and other tests. They may also refer you to a gastroenterologist, who specializes in digestive problems. If you suspect you may have gastric cancer, you may want to get a second opinion. While most doctors welcome second opinions, you should check with your health insurance company. If your health insurance company doesn’t cover the cost, you can ask your primary care physician for the names of several gastroenterologists.
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Some of the other common symptoms of stomach cancer include an enlarged liver and anemia. Anemia, pale skin, and shortness of breath are other symptoms of stomach cancer. Patients may vomit blood and dark, sticky feces, which indicate the presence of cancer. If the cancer has spread to the other parts of the body, symptoms may include bowel obstruction, fractures, neurologic changes, and swelling in the abdomen caused by excess fluid.
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A family history of stomach cancer may double or triple your risk. Other risk factors include certain lifestyle and environmental factors, although not everyone with stomach cancer has these conditions. Some people develop stomach ulcers due to an infection called Helicobacter pylori. Treatment for this infection may decrease the risk of stomach cancer, but this is not an absolute requirement. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor.
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Some patients with early-stage gastric cancer will exhibit no symptoms, which is an excellent sign. However, patients with alarm symptoms may indicate an aggressive form of the disease. Symptoms may also be indistinguishable from those caused by benign dyspepsia. While dyspeptic symptoms are not always life-threatening, they are indicative of a developing gastric cancer. As such, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients may depend on a patient’s age, sex, and tumour pathology.
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Besides the symptoms listed above, doctors may also perform a biopsy to confirm the presence of stomach cancer. A biopsy involves the surgical removal of tissue and examining it under a microscope. It can also be confirmed by a blood test. The patient may also be given antibiotics to treat the infection. Imaging tests may also be necessary to determine the stage of gastric cancer. These tests can include CT scans and endoscopic ultrasound.
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Those who are at risk for stomach cancer are often suffering from certain conditions or have a family history of it. However, if you are not a carrier of one of these conditions, you may be able to detect stomach cancer symptoms on your own. Symptoms can include jaundice or an increase in the body’s immune system. Additionally, you may notice a swelling or a distended stomach. All of these changes are signs of a potentially serious condition.
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Your doctor may recommend an upper endoscopy, which uses a thin flexible tube to examine the stomach. A small camera is also used, which allows the doctor to look for abnormal cells and tissue. Biopsies are also taken during the procedure. These tests can determine the extent of the cancer and the best treatment options. If a biopsy is found, a patient will be given further tests to determine whether the cancer has spread.
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Surgery is one of the most common forms of treatment for gastric cancer. A surgeon can remove part or the entire stomach, as well as nearby lymph nodes. Depending on the stage of the disease, the surgeon may also remove lymph nodes near the tumor. Sometimes, surgery is required after the tumor has spread to the deep layers of the stomach. Patients can also opt for a surgical procedure called a subtotal gastrectomy.
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Although the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing in many countries, it remains the number two cause of deaths from cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, this form of cancer is almost always diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. In many studies, the survival rate is less than 30%. There are several ways to reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer. For example, eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables and avoiding tobacco use can decrease the risk of stomach cancer.