Although the earliest stages of stomach cancer may not be noticeable to the patient, the symptoms of this disease may mimic those of other illnesses such as esophageal cancer or peptic ulcer disease. Other symptoms may include nausea, fatigue, bloating after eating, shortness of breath, anaemia, or bowel obstruction. These may be accompanied by unintended weight loss and pain in the abdomen. However, it is important to note that some stomach cancer symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses and should be considered as warning signs of the disease.
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While stomach cancer begins in a mass of unhealthy cells, it may eventually spread to other parts of the body. In this case, treatment options include surgery to remove the entire stomach or a portion of it. In some cases, the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, which act as the body’s germ-fighting system. Stage I is characterized by a tumor in the stomach lining and may have spread to lymph nodes. Before a surgery, chemotherapy may be given to shrink the mass before surgery. Chemoradiation may also be given to destroy the cancer after the surgery.
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While stomach cancer has a low incidence in the United States and Canada, it is the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. The disease is also difficult to treat in the Western world, with most patients having advanced disease. Patients should seek treatment as soon as possible if they notice any of these symptoms. Your doctor can refer you to a specialist for further evaluation. You may also wish to see a registered dietitian or oncology nurse to help with your treatment.
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If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes surrounding the stomach, it may be surgically removed to remove it entirely. A total gastrectomy, however, removes all of the stomach and some surrounding tissue. Your spleen is often removed as well, as this organ is important for the immune system. It also filters blood and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of your abdomen. The surgery may also remove the entire esophagus.
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Imaging tests can be done to detect any signs of gastric cancer. Your doctor may use endoscopic ultrasound or computed tomography scans to find the tumor’s location and depth. The high-frequency radio waves that are used to perform endoscopic ultrasonography are reflected by the internal structures of the body, creating a sonogram. This can provide valuable information about the cancer’s location and extent. The results of an endoscopy may also reveal other symptoms.
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While gastric cancer is more common in certain countries, it can also occur in people in the United States. In most cases, the cancer begins in the lining of the stomach. Occasionally, it can spread to other organs, including the liver and esophagus. Symptoms of stomach cancer include the following:
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Hereditary conditions, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors all increase the risk of stomach cancer. Although these risk factors do not always cause stomach cancer, they are associated with a higher risk of developing it. People with a history of chronic illness are also at increased risk. A common bacterial infection, called Helicobacter pylori, is linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Bacteria that live in the stomach can also cause ulcers. Polyps, or abnormal tissue growths, are another possibility.
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Another risk factor for stomach cancer is eating highly preserved foods. These include salted meat, smoked fish, pickled vegetables, and smoked foods. Ethnicity also plays an important role. African Americans and Hispanics have the highest risks for stomach cancer. It can also be inherited. People with CDH1 gene mutation are more likely to develop gastric cancer. While sporadic cancers are rare, familial ones are more common.
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Patients with symptoms suggestive of stomach cancer should visit their doctor. A medical professional will assess their health history and run blood tests. They may also be referred to a gastroenterologist, who specializes in digestive problems. If these tests don’t reveal anything concerning, patients may want to seek a second opinion. Most doctors welcome second opinions and many health insurance companies will pay for it. Further, patients should also seek a second opinion to confirm or rule out other causes of stomach cancer.
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Once diagnosed, gastric cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Chemotherapy is often given before or after surgery, and radiation therapy is sometimes used after treatment. Although the primary treatment of gastric cancer remains surgery, patients with gastric cancer may choose to undergo experimental treatments, such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy. However, the recurrence rate of the disease is extremely high. For this reason, it is very important to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
