Tumors of less than two centimeters in diameter can spread to nearby lymph nodes and organs. If the size of the tumor exceeds four centimeters, it may also spread to distant organs. However, tumors greater than four centimeters in diameter are unlikely to spread beyond the throat.
Several tests may be required to diagnose a throat cancer. The first is a laryngoscopy, which involves inserting a thin tube through the larynx to view the area underneath. A nasopharynx biopsy may also be performed. The laryngoscopy involves the use of anesthetic spray to reduce discomfort. During the procedure, a sample of tissue may also be taken and analyzed under a microscope. In some cases, a tissue biopsy may also be required.
Another treatment option is targeted therapy, which targets cancer cells. This type of therapy works by inhibiting specific molecules in the body that cause cancer cells to grow. Cetuximab is one such drug, but other types are being researched by experts. These drugs can be given in addition to standard chemotherapy and in clinical trials. Some of these drugs work by allowing the immune system to fight the tumors. These drugs are called checkpoint inhibitors.
Other symptoms of throat cancer include coughing, sore throat, hoarseness, or a lump in the neck. Throat cancer can also be caused by tobacco use or HPV, which is a sexually transmitted disease. Smoking can also cause oropharyngeal cancer. If you think you have the signs of throat cancer, it is important to visit your doctor. Symptoms can be life-threatening.
Symptoms of throat cancer may be subtle at first, but they can be significant. Depending on the type of cancer, a physical examination and biopsy may be required. A biopsy can determine whether or not the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Advanced cancers may require a combination of chemoradiation and surgery. Typically, cancers of the throat are classified according to stage, where the cancer has spread to lymph nodes and the head and neck.
If you suspect you have throat cancer, you should see a doctor immediately. Surgery and chemotherapy can be very effective treatments for throat cancer. Surgery will often remove a portion or the entire larynx. This surgery may also affect your ability to speak. During the recovery process, you may need to learn new ways to speak. Learning how to breathe may also be beneficial. If treatment is successful, you may even be able to extend your life.
Symptoms of throat cancer vary according to where the cancer is located. Supraglottic cancer starts in the upper part of the voice box and affects the epiglottis, which is a protective membrane that blocks food from entering the esophagus. Subglottic cancer starts below the vocal cords. As it spreads, it can invade nearby tissues. Cancerous cells can also spread through the lymphatic system and blood stream. Certain risk factors can increase your risk of developing throat cancer.
