This information can depend on the type of head and neck cancer you have, your age, your smoking history, and your HPV status. In some cases, your doctor will use your overall health as a guide.
When you have head and neck cancer, your treatment options will likely include surgery. The surgery itself will remove the cancer, and may also involve removing some healthy tissue around it. Sometimes the cancer is so large or in a difficult position that the surgeon may need to remove a portion of your upper or lower jaw, or even a portion of your skull. If your surgery results in a recurrence, you will need additional surgeries, including reconstructive and plastic surgery. You may also be given radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
In addition to pain, patients suffering from head and neck cancer may experience difficulty swallowing. While some of these side effects are temporary, others can last for life. This can prevent you from eating enough, or it may lead to painful coughing or choking. You may also have changes to your appearance, such as a swollen throat, a dry mouth, or a lowered libido. Regardless of the type of treatment you receive, you may also experience side effects that affect your sexual life.
For some patients, radiotherapy is the best option for treating head and neck cancer. It uses controlled doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells. This treatment typically involves x-ray beams from outside the body, so you may be exposed to high levels of radiation for a short period of time. Another option is immunotherapy, which is a treatment that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. Aside from radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery are also options for head and neck cancer.
While your doctor may be able to diagnose head and neck cancer with a simple examination, there is more to it than meets the eye. Head and neck cancer is often linked to HPV and is treated accordingly. The earlier you’re diagnosed, the better. If your doctor suspects head and neck cancer is caused by HPV, a vaccine may be in order. If you’re a child or young adult, you can get the vaccine. This vaccine could help prevent HPV-related head and neck cancer in future generations.
Once diagnosed with head and neck cancer, your family and friends will need to adapt. They should be patient and honest with you. If you feel the need for additional support, talk to a counselor. Your doctor may suggest a supportive group for you and your family. You can also seek information on living well after your cancer. For help in the emotional and practical aspects, contact the Cancer Council. You can also ask for information and support booklets.
