Leukemia is a type of cancer of blood cells. Blood cells include red blood cells, white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and lymphocytes. Leukemia generally refers to cancers of WBCs because they do not function normally and crowd out healthy cells in the body. These cells travel throughout the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic vessels. The onset and symptoms of leukemia vary depending on the type and aggressiveness of the disease. Some types are more common at certain ages and may be asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.
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A bone marrow biopsy is often necessary to diagnose leukemia. This procedure is done from the hip bone and involves a long needle to extract the leukocytes. Once they’re extracted, they’re tested to see which type of leukemia is present. Leukemia is a disease that has many causes, including genetics, environment, and age. People who are exposed to radiation or toxins may be at an increased risk of developing the disease. Other health conditions, such as being pregnant, are known to increase the likelihood of contracting the disease.
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Acute leukemia symptoms can be similar to flu symptoms. Acute leukemia usually begins suddenly and progresses slowly, while chronic leukemia develops over time. Both types of leukemia are characterized by a variety of symptoms. Some of these symptoms can be similar to a virus, such as a cold, or a common flu, but they’re still serious enough to warrant a doctor’s attention.
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The most common type of leukemia symptom is enlarged liver. A reduced number of white blood cells will weaken the immune system, and any infection could quickly develop into a life-threatening infection. Even minor infections may become life-threatening as the body’s immune system becomes weaker. Unusual joint and bone pain can also occur, including wheezing. If you have symptoms of leukemia, you should seek medical attention immediately.
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Chemotherapy is the most common form of leukemia treatment. Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill the leukemia cells and prevent them from multiplying. Patients are often given these drugs as pills, intramuscular injections, and shots under the skin. In combination with chemotherapy, doctors may also prescribe immunotherapy, which is a treatment that boosts the immune system. It helps the body identify cancer cells and produce more immune cells.
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A thorough blood test will identify whether or not leukemia has spread to your lymph nodes. Your doctor will also conduct tests to check the number of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in your blood. Blood tests may include bone marrow and blood samples. Those results will help your doctor determine the type of leukemia you have and the treatment plan to follow. After this, you and your doctor will work together to determine the best course of action.
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Having frequent infections is another symptom of leukemia. The infection can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. If you suspect you have an infection, make an appointment with your doctor immediately. Having bone pain can also be an indication of leukemia. Your doctor can perform tests to determine if you have any other conditions before recommending treatment. In addition to having frequent infections, people with leukemia may also have a weakened immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infection.
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While the cause of leukemia remains unknown, environmental factors and genetics play a role. In fact, certain conditions can increase your risk for leukemia, such as smoking and a family history of the disease. Smoking is one of the biggest risk factors, with 20 percent of cases of adult acute myeloid leukemia linked to smoking. If you have any of these risk factors, talk to your doctor right away. It is also important to talk to your family about your health history.
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Leukemia symptoms can be subtle and nonspecific, which makes it difficult to diagnose in young children. Children may be unaware of certain symptoms, such as loss of appetite, and they may refuse to eat. A limp due to joint and bone pain may also be a sign of leukemia. In general, these symptoms are related to the blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow. Your doctor can help you understand more about the symptoms and the possible causes.
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The number of leukemia deaths has fallen in recent years, and the five-year survival rate is 65 percent, but there are still several risks associated with the disease. Because the survival rate of people with leukemia is still high, a doctor must be consulted for diagnosis and treatment options. Fortunately, the survival rate of patients with leukemia has improved substantially over the past five decades. With timely diagnosis and treatment, it is possible for a person to lead a normal, productive life.
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