There are several types of skin cancer, including melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell cancer is often found on exposed areas of the skin, like the genitals or head. It usually starts as a firm, pink nodule, but can also develop into a large mass. It is the second most common type of cancer, and is much less deadly than melanoma. Melanoma begins in melanocytes, the cells that make the pigment that gives your skin its color. It can begin on any area of the body, including internal organs. Its appearance is a brown, flesh-colored patch, with a reddish or black center.
If you notice any suspicious skin changes, you should see a dermatologist right away. The doctor can check for signs of skin cancer in all areas of the body and may refer you to a dermatologist. A doctor will check for dry patches, scaling, or bleeding. If they suspect cancer, they may also perform a biopsy. A biopsy is a quick, painless procedure that removes a sample of the suspicious area and sends it to a lab for examination.
Although melanoma is rare among those with darker skin, it is still a serious health problem. According to the American Cancer Society, over 96,480 new cases and seven,230 deaths will be caused by melanoma in 2019. Fortunately, skin cancer can be treated if detected early. Most treatments, such as topical creams and outpatient surgery, are effective in treating early-stage cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that 1% of all cancer deaths are caused by skin cancer.
Advanced skin cancer will require multidisciplinary management from a team of doctors, including a medical oncologist, dermatologist, and radiation oncologist. This team will decide on the best treatment for you. The surgical oncologist may recommend surgery in the operating room. The medical oncologist may recommend medication to fight the cancer. Another treatment involves freezing abnormal tissue using an instrument. Cryosurgery can also be performed to help treat the disease early.
A doctor may use the TNM system to determine a patient’s stage of skin cancer. This system considers tumor thickness, lymph node spread, and metastasis. The lower the TNM number, the earlier it is diagnosed. Once these categories are determined, the overall stage of the cancer can be calculated. Early-stage melanomas, referred to as carcinoma in situ, may be invasive or noninvasive. When it is spread beyond the skin, it is called stage IV.
Unlike non-melanoma skin cancer, the risk of developing this type of cancer increases dramatically in early childhood. It is important to limit sun exposure, especially mid-day, and apply sunscreen with an SPF 30 or higher. To protect yourself from the harmful effects of UVA and UVB rays, sunscreen should be applied on all exposed areas. This protection should be reapplied every two hours. You should also reapply sunscreen after perspiration, and when you are in the water.
