There are several MS symptoms. Those with the condition are likely to experience neurological symptoms, including fatigue, numbness, and spasms. Symptoms often occur during a single episode that lasts 24 hours or less. When the immune system attacks myelin, it results in scarring. As a result, signals are not carried as efficiently. Some people also experience an electric shock-like sensation in their legs and arms.
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In order to diagnose MS, the immune system must have destroyed more than one area of myelin, the protective covering surrounding nerve cells. Additionally, the damage must have occurred at more than one point in time and not been caused by another disease. Multiple sclerosis is sometimes diagnosed through specific patterns of changes in brain tissue. This test, known as an MRI, uses large magnets and sound waves to produce detailed images of the brain. MRI can detect plaques and scarring caused by MS.
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Other MS symptoms include problems with walking, standing, and coordinating muscles. Symptoms may also include fatigue, which is usually worse after physical activity or when the body is ill. Some patients may have trouble urinating and swallowing because of damaged nerves. In addition to fatigue, MS patients may experience vision problems, including blurred vision or neuromyelitis optica, which can lead to impaired vision. Patients may also experience vertigo.
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Besides fatigue, the symptoms of MS may also include spasms. The pain caused by MS may be the result of damage to the nervous system or muscle spasms. While MS is a debilitating disease, many people learn to manage their symptoms and lead a normal, active life. While the symptoms of MS are varied, if diagnosed early, patients can live a healthy and productive life despite the disease.
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The cause of MS remains unknown. Multiple sclerosis is considered an autoimmune disease – the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues. This malfunction attacks the protective myelin surrounding nerves, which is similar to the coating on electrical wires. Damaged nerve fibers cause slow or blocked signals to travel along the nerve. It is unknown whether environmental or genetic factors are involved in the development of MS. However, environmental factors and a genetic predisposition to the disease are common risk factors.
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Doctors may suspect MS if they notice symptoms in two different areas of the central nervous system. A neurological exam may also show reduced function in one area of the body or the loss of sensation in one area. The eye exam may reveal abnormal pupil responses and changes in the visual field, and the patient’s vision may be affected. While no cure exists for MS, there are many treatments and therapies available to slow the progression of the disease and maintain a normal life.
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Depending on the severity of MS, doctors may prescribe a number of medications. These medications are called disease-modifying agents and may be used for long-term treatment. These drugs reduce the chances of relapses and slow the progression of the disease. Some medications may help people with mild symptoms avoid taking them, though they can have unpleasant side effects. For severe attacks, the neurologist may recommend high-dose corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and slow the damage to the myelin sheath. Physical rehabilitation is also helpful to maintain mobility and independence.
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If you notice a relapse, you should notify your MS healthcare team, which includes your neurologist and an MS nurse. They can help you navigate this phase of the disease and provide supportive treatment, including medication and allied health care involvement. The first thing you should do is keep a diary of your symptoms, as accurate and complete information will help your physician determine the best course of treatment. Then, you can discuss your symptoms with your healthcare team.
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CIS is the pre-MS stage, and symptoms are not enough to confirm a diagnosis of MS. In some cases, spinal fluid may reveal positive oligoclonal bands, which indicate relapsing-remitting MS. In both cases, the disease progresses slowly, with periods of mild to moderate progression. These symptoms are caused by damage to the nerve fibers and cannot be cured. Symptoms can occur at any time, so early diagnosis is critical.
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Cognitive impairment refers to a number of high-level brain functions that are affected by MS. These changes in the immune system and neurologic function can cause significant challenges for people with the disease. The earliest diagnosis is the most crucial to slow the disease’s progression. But if you are unsure of your condition, it is advisable to consult a neurologist. If the symptoms persist after a month, consult a physician who specializes in MS.
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