Several different neurological disorders have similar symptoms, so it can be challenging to get a definitive diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. As a result, some people see several different providers for years before they finally get a definitive diagnosis. Fortunately, early detection can help slow the progression of the disease. Those who are suspects of MS should see a neurologist, who specializes in diseases of the nervous system. This doctor can make a diagnosis quickly and accurately.
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The main characteristic of MS is that the immune system attacks the protective sheath covering nerve cells in the central nervous system, known as myelin. This process occurs repeatedly, causing damage to the sheath and resulting lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Damage to these areas interferes with the communication of information between the brain and body. Some people with MS report difficulty with vision or unsteadiness on their feet. While there is no single cause of MS, experts believe that environmental factors and genetic predisposition are two common culprits.
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In addition to learning about MS and how to cope with its symptoms, patients are encouraged to change their lifestyle to suit their physical condition. For example, cigarette smoke can exacerbate symptoms of the disease, so it is a good idea to limit your exposure to secondhand smoke. If you or someone in your family smokes, make sure they smoke outside. If possible, change your clothes when you come inside. Another way to manage MS symptoms is to follow a healthy diet, get plenty of sleep, and avoid conditions that can worsen the disease.
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Cognitive issues are also common among people with MS. Cognitive problems can interfere with social and occupational functioning. Anxiety can cause major problems. The unpredictable nature of MS can cause mood swings, causing an individual to shed tears or yell angrily at the same time. Sex issues can be common in people with MS, as impaired speech affects their sexual ability. Additionally, one-quarter of people with MS experience a diminished sense of taste.
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MS often begins with an attack on the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Because the optic nerve and brain share similar types of myelin, people with MS may experience vision problems, double vision, or even pain when moving the eyes. People with MS may also experience problems with balance, vision, and coordination, especially in the legs. Many people with MS also experience difficulty in sexual activity, and their partner may lose interest in sexual intercourse.
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The first step in the diagnosis of MS is a neurological examination and detailed medical history. Various diagnostic tests may be necessary to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. For those who have had multiple sclerosis, a diagnosis of the disease may be made using an MRI of the brain, lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and nerve function tests. Sometimes blood tests are ordered to rule out other illnesses that cause similar symptoms.
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During pregnancy, pregnant women with MS may experience difficulty walking. The weight gained during pregnancy can cause the patient to lose balance and may require the use of wheelchairs or other walking assistance devices. The MS woman may also experience more frequent bouts of tiredness, so it is recommended to schedule plenty of rest. The pregnancy is also a time when urinary tract infections are more likely to occur, so make sure to drink plenty of water and tell your doctor about any symptoms.
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While the exact symptoms of MS vary, the main types of attacks are known as relapses. Relapses may last several days or months, but a relapse is likely to occur within the first few months after giving birth. For people with early-stage MS, the disease does not significantly increase the risks of pregnancy. While relapse is a possible risk, it is still possible to improve symptoms over time with proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Early-stage MS is challenging and is rarely fatal, though serious complications can result in death. A good majority of people diagnosed with this disease do not develop severe paralysis. In fact, about two-thirds of people with multiple sclerosis are able to walk. However, they often need assistance while walking. As a result, their life expectancy may be five to ten years lower than average. They may also experience mood disorders, cognitive impairment, and other physical issues.
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Another early-stage MS symptom is a squeezing sensation in the face, arms, and legs. This can affect balance and interfere with daily activities. Some people with this condition experience muscle spasms. However, the pain may be temporary, and a few patients may recover completely. Depending on the severity of the condition, the patient may require physical therapy or medications to alleviate their symptoms. However, if left untreated, the disease can result in permanent visual damage.
