Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease where the immune system attacks the protective sheath surrounding nerve cells in the central nervous system. These attacks occur repeatedly, leading to lesions in the brain and spinal cord. The lesions disrupt information flow between the brain and the rest of the body. Often mild at first, they become more severe and progressive as the disease progresses. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis can include fatigue, sensitivity to light, numbness, and vision loss.
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Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) must monitor their symptoms closely and report any relapses to their healthcare team. An MS nurse or neurologist can guide you through the relapse, and provide supportive treatment (medications and rehabilitation) to help manage your condition. It is also important to keep a diary of your symptoms, since accurate information is important to the treatment of MS. If your symptoms recur frequently, it may mean that your treatment is no longer effective.
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Other Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms can include difficulty walking, spasticity, and muscle weakness. Because MS affects the central nervous system, patients with this disease may experience pain, which can be felt in different areas of the body. Additionally, a patient may experience difficulty swallowing due to damaged nerves in the mouth. Cognitive problems can also be a sign of MS and may include impaired memory or cognitive functions. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately to avoid aggravating the disease.
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Inflammation of the optic nerve, an extension of the central nervous system, is another common symptom of MS. If not diagnosed early, it can cause painful vision loss. Early diagnosis of this condition is essential as it may alter the course of the disease. Some common symptoms of optic neuritis include blurred vision, flashing lights, and changes in color. Patients may also experience pain in moving their eye. Most patients will recover over the course of the disease, and permanent visual defects are rare.
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There are two main types of MS. The most common form is relapsing-remitting MS. This type of disease is characterized by relapses and periods of recovery, known as “remission.” During remission, there is little or no evidence of ongoing disease activity. This type of MS is characterized by episodic relapses. If the disease is progressive, the symptoms may worsen or disappear completely.
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Despite the fact that symptoms of multiple sclerosis can be a symptom of other disorders, a neurologist will be able to confirm the diagnosis. To get a clear picture of the condition, doctors will perform an MRI of the spine and brain to look for changes in the central nervous system. Lesions on the MRI are an excellent predictor of MS. Patients with lesions on the MRI are at a higher risk of developing MS compared to those who do not.
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People with MS may experience fatigue. Physical therapy will often help them maintain their activity levels. Drugs such as dalfampridine (Ampyra) may be prescribed to help people manage the fatigue symptoms. People with MS may also need to learn how to pace their activities. If they have difficulty walking, a physical therapy may help them gain mobility. Weights and assistive devices can also help people with tremor.
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If pregnant MS patients experience the symptoms listed above, it is important to let their doctor know. Although MS is not curable, it can be managed through the use of medications. Often, symptoms of MS will decrease during pregnancy and increase after delivery. Physically, MS symptoms may make pregnancy difficult, and women with MS may need to use a wheelchair or a walker. However, the disease does not cause infertility.
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Environmental factors may also increase the risk for MS. Certain parts of the world receive more sunlight than others. People living farther from the equator may have higher risks of the disease than other areas. Additionally, exposure to environmental toxins and drugs may trigger MS. Research is underway to identify the genes responsible for the disease and determine what triggers the disease. The hope is to find a cure for multiple sclerosis. While it is difficult to find the exact cause, there are several possible factors that may play a role in MS.
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Treatment for MS is often based on a combination of drugs that reduce the inflammation in the brain and spinal cord during an attack. In addition, disease-modifying medications are prescribed to prevent new attacks and slow the progression of the disease. These treatments may require long-term medication. But if they are effective, patients may be able to live a relatively normal life with treatment. In addition to taking the right medicines, a doctor may also prescribe exercise and physical therapy.
