A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer depends on its stage. The disease can develop at any stage, ranging from the early stage, known as stage 0, to the advanced, or metastatic, stages, which occur after the tumor has spread to nearby organs and lymph nodes. At stage 4, the cancer has spread beyond the pancreas to distant organs and distant tissues. If detected at this stage, treatment options include chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy.
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Although no single cause has been established, certain risk factors have been identified. Some of these factors include smoking, obesity, and carrying too much weight around the waist. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are also associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, as is exposure to certain chemicals at work. If you have any of these risk factors, you should consult with your doctor. There are several risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer, but most people do not inherit a faulty gene from their parents.
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The most common early warning sign of pancreatic cancer is new-onset diabetes. Among non-obese people, this condition can be caused by new diabetes medication. Patients with dark urine may have a blocked bile duct, which prevents bile from draining into the intestines. People with pale faeces should also visit their doctor if they have these symptoms.
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Depending on the location of the tumor, patients may develop a bile duct obstruction or a gallbladder that fills up with excess bile. During imaging tests, these tumors may appear as gallbladder tumours. If the cancer has spread to the liver, the disease may cause swollen liver tissues. If symptoms persist after surgery, the patient may be referred to a specialist. Treatment options for pancreatic cancer will depend on the type of cancer and the patient’s age and general health. Sometimes, a combination of different treatment options may be necessary.
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Pain is another common symptom of pancreatic cancer. Up to 70% of people with pancreatic cancer will seek medical attention because of pain. Pain usually begins in the stomach and may spread to the back. Patients with the disease may experience abdominal pain that gets worse when lying down or is aggravated after eating. However, pain from pancreatic cancer may be mild or even nonexistent. In addition, bowel movements may feel abnormal.
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Treatment for pancreatic cancer varies greatly, depending on its stage. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, as well as targeted therapy. These drugs and substances target specific types of cancer cells, which cause less damage to normal cells. In advanced stages, treatment may involve pain relief or surgery. In some cases, the disease may be removed through a Whipple procedure. If all other treatments have failed, surgery may be the only option.
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Another common symptom is jaundice. This is a buildup of bilirubin in the blood. In advanced stages, the pancreas tumor may block the bile duct, preventing bile from flowing from the gallbladder to the small intestine. This can result in jaundice, as the bilirubin is no longer being excreted by the pancreas.
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Other pancreatic cancer symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Patients over 60 years of age should visit their GP if they experience these symptoms. Pain may be due to the tumor invading the digestive system or blockage. A doctor may also perform imaging tests to see if there is a tumor present. If it is, doctors will prescribe medication. It is important to note that pain medication is not a replacement for surgery or invasive treatment.
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Radiation therapy may be combined with other treatments. In most cases, radiation therapy is given five days a week for several weeks. Pancreatic cancer affects both the exocrine and endocrine glands. While the exocrine glands produce digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, pancreatic tumors affect the hormones secreted by the islets of Langerhans. These problems can lead to diabetes.
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Jaundice is one of the most common pancreatic cancer symptoms, but can also occur in men. Yellow skin and eyes, dark urine, and light stools are other signs of jaundice. Symptoms of pancreatic cancer should be checked by a physician if you notice these signs. In addition, jaundice can be a sign of other health conditions. In rare cases, jaundice can be a sign of another type of cancer.
