The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from one person to another, and often begin gradually worsen over years. There are two major categories of symptoms: motor and nonmotor. Motor symptoms include difficulty walking, stopping mid-stride, or freezing in place. Nonmotor symptoms may include stiff muscles and difficulty performing normal tasks. Although there is no definitive cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are ways to manage the symptoms and live a normal life.
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Early signs of Parkinson’s disease include a hunched posture and a reduced ability to swing an arm. A person may also experience difficulty initiating movement and blinking slowly. Another early symptom of the disease is a decreased voice volume. The voice may be quieter than normal or even seem mask-like. Other symptoms may include increased urination or difficulty getting to the bathroom. While it’s hard to detect the early signs of Parkinson’s disease, it’s worth consulting with a physician if you experience any of these symptoms.
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A doctor can diagnose Parkinson disease based on a patient’s history, physical examination, and neurological examination. Laboratory tests such as a dopamine transporter scan are sometimes required to rule out other conditions. If your symptoms persist for a long period of time, a healthcare provider may recommend ongoing monitoring. Because the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may look like other conditions or normal aging, they may not be diagnosed at an early stage.
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Essential tremor is a cyclic tremor that affects the hands, arms, and head. It is often inherited. It occurs in the basal ganglia and is controlled by a brain cell called globus pallidus interna. This nerve cell is responsible for the production of dopamine and is located near the basal ganglia. It is connected to the brain’s thalamus, which relays sensory messages.
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While there is no way to completely cure Parkinson’s disease, some medications and exercises can help manage symptoms. In particular, exercise can help people with Parkinson’s disease walk more safely. It is important not to move too quickly or jerk their arms while moving. Also, they should avoid leaning, reaching, and stooping. They should also avoid tripping hazards.
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A number of new medicines are available for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many of these drugs replace the brain chemical dopamine. However, they may only help with some symptoms and may need to be adjusted as the disease progresses. Another FDA-approved treatment is deep brain stimulation, which involves implanting small electrical devices in the brain. This therapy can decrease the need for certain medicines. When combined with other medications, deep brain stimulation can help manage symptoms.
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Although there is no definitive cause for Parkinson’s disease, genetics, environmental factors, and the natural aging process have all been implicated in some cases. Exposure to pesticides and herbicides are known environmental risk factors. Drugs can also exacerbate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. A diagnosis of the disease is based on careful physical examination and medical history. The disease is often accompanied by symptoms of involuntary movements, and is most common in men.
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The main treatment for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. This drug acts on nerve cells to produce dopamine. As the dopamine levels decrease, it becomes difficult to control movement. Low dopamine levels also affect nerve endings that produce the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. As dopamine levels decrease, the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can become more severe.
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