Parkinson’s disease affects the brain and the muscles of the body. The symptoms usually start on one side of the body but may spread to both sides. The side that is first affected by the disease tends to be worse. People with this disease will develop problems with their balance and facial expressions, but they will still be physically independent. Another early symptom of Parkinson’s disease is a change in the person’s voice. The person may speak with a softer tone or have difficulty maintaining a conversation.
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The most common form of treatment for Parkinson’s disease is medication. Although the disease can be treated with medication, it is often not effective enough to reverse its effects. For these patients, the doctor may recommend deep brain stimulation surgery. This procedure involves implanting electrodes in the brain and connecting them to a tiny generator in the chest. The electrical impulses in the brain help the body control movement. During the procedure, the person is usually awake.
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Surgery can help people manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. While it does not cure the condition, it can help reduce the frequency of tremors and rigidity. Additionally, surgery can help reduce the dosage of medicine needed to control Parkinson’s symptoms. Lesion surgery is a type of surgery that involves scarring tissue. It is done while the patient is awake and focuses on stopping the area of the brain causing the tremor.
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Aside from the tremors, a patient may also experience sleep issues, constipation, loss of smell, and restless legs. These symptoms can interfere with daily life and impair the person’s ability to plan and accomplish tasks. While there is no cure for this disease, many patients can manage the symptoms and live a productive and fulfilling life.
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Currently, the most common treatment for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. The drug works by increasing the dopamine levels in the brain. This drug is generally taken in combination with another medication called carbidopa. This medication delays the breakdown of levodopa in the brain.
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The cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unknown, but genetics and environmental factors are suspected. Exposure to pesticides and herbicides are two main environmental risk factors. Moreover, medications can also cause secondary forms of the disease. Hence, a careful physical examination and medical history are essential for the proper diagnosis.
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Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease begin when the levels of dopamine in the brain fall or become too low. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps the brain control movement. When dopamine levels fall below 60 to 80 percent, it becomes difficult for a person to control his or her movements. Moreover, as the disease progresses, symptoms become more severe. Parkinson’s disease may also affect nerve endings that produce norepinephrine, which is responsible for blood circulation and other automatic functions of the body.
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Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person. Some may be difficult to notice and others may be visible only to a trained eye. Nevertheless, if you notice any of these symptoms, you should consult with a movement disorder specialist. Typical early symptoms of the disease include slowness of movement, muscle stiffness, and tremor. Other symptoms can occur at any time. If left untreated, these symptoms may progress rapidly to a more severe stage.