Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder that affects the central nervous system. It comes in stages and the earliest stages of the disease are relatively mild. Early symptoms may not even be noticeable to others, and can be easily controlled by medication. However, as the disease progresses, the symptoms begin to interfere with daily activities. Symptoms include muscle stiffness, slow movement, and difficulty performing everyday tasks. Other symptoms may be less obvious, such as changes in facial expression and posture.
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The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease develop because of a lack of dopamine in certain nerve cells. Dopamine is an important chemical in the brain that helps control movement. As dopamine levels decrease, people with Parkinson’s disease experience an increase in glutamate levels, which compensate for the lack of dopamine. Involuntary muscle tone increases in the affected area, which causes rigidity and postural instability.
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The early stages of Parkinson’s disease can be difficult to diagnose, but in the late stages of the disease, the symptoms may become more noticeable. They may begin on one side of the body and gradually progress to the other. The early symptoms may not interfere with balance or physical independence, but the disease can lead to a person becoming unable to stand unassisted. Once this point is reached, a person may not be able to live alone.
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Treatments for Parkinson’s disease include medication that helps the brain produce dopamine. Levodopa is the most common type of treatment. It replenishes dopamine in nerve cells, and is usually used in conjunction with carbidopa. Carbidopa helps prevent the side effects of levodopa while reducing the dosage needed to alleviate symptoms. Patients must be aware of the dangers of abrupt stopping the medication.
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Treatments for Parkinson’s disease vary for different people. Doctors will determine the best treatment plan for each patient. The treatment plan is tailored to the patient’s lifestyle, physical tolerance, and symptoms. Your doctor will monitor your medications as the disease progresses, and adjust them as necessary. You may also need to make lifestyle changes to manage the condition. Some people may even benefit from physical therapy to improve balance and flexibility. Another option is speech pathology, which will help you speak and express yourself more clearly.
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People with Parkinson’s disease can also experience orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when they stand up from a lying position. This can cause lightheadedness and increase the risk of falling. Other symptoms include a buildup of protein known as Lewy bodies in the brain. This protein causes damage to the nerve cells and may also affect behavior. If left untreated, Lewy bodies may progress to dementia.
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Physical therapy can help patients with Parkinson’s disease walk more safely. Physiotherapists focus on relieving muscle stiffness and joint pain. They also focus on improving flexibility and fitness. An occupational therapist can also help patients learn practical exercises and stretches that make daily living easier. Occupational therapists can also provide help with speech and swallowing difficulties.
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The movement of the eyes can also be affected by Parkinson’s. Blinking may slow down, and blinking may be reduced to a few times per minute. The condition can also lead to depression and sleeping disorders. Other symptoms include changes in the gastrointestinal system, including constipation. In some cases, this condition can even cause the person to lose their sense of smell.
As well as medication, exercise is an important part of treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Exercise improves muscle strength and flexibility, and can also help reduce depression. People with the disease may want to join support groups or participate in activities they enjoy. However, they should be careful not to move too quickly and keep a proper posture. For best results, consult with a medical professional. They will help you determine what exercises are best for you.
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Movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease usually involve two main symptoms: tremor and bradykinesia. These are the most noticeable manifestations of the disease. Patients with tremors usually have a slow movement pattern and lack balance. The disease can progress slowly or quickly, depending on your symptoms. Some patients experience the same symptoms, or even worse symptoms. They may also suffer from non-motor symptoms that accompany the disease.
