The early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are often less severe, and the symptoms may not interfere with daily life. The disease typically affects both sides of the body, but may begin on only one side initially. Fortunately, the disease is treatable and patients may remain physically independent. As the disease progresses, however, muscle stiffness and loss of balance become more apparent. By stage four, a patient may be unable to stand unassisted, and may need assistance to complete basic tasks.
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A person with Parkinson disease may have difficulty maintaining an upright stance. Other signs of the disease include a stooped posture and reduced arm movement. A person with PD may also experience difficulty turning their body, and a light push may cause them to fall backward. These symptoms are often accompanied by loss of facial muscle control.
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The early stages of Parkinson’s disease may also include muscle stiffness, loss of smell, and difficulty sleeping. An increase in anxiety and depression may also occur. These early signs should be noted and discussed with your doctor. However, some of these symptoms may be caused by other conditions. For this reason, it’s important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. The disease can progress over many years, and early detection is crucial to a person’s quality of life.
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While there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are several treatments available. Exercise, healthy eating, and physical therapy can improve overall quality of life. Patients may also find it helpful to see a speech therapist, who can help them improve their communication skills. While these methods don’t cure Parkinson’s disease, they can greatly improve a person’s quality of life. If you’re unsure about whether or not a particular treatment is the right choice for your needs, don’t hesitate to ask a specialist.
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Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include depression and anxiety. Treatments for these disorders can alleviate these symptoms, and often include medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. Some people also experience decreased sensitivity to odors and a loss of taste. These symptoms, known as hyposmia, often begin months before motor symptoms are noticeable.
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If your symptoms progress to the point where medication is ineffective, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure called a pallidotomy. In this procedure, a wire probe is inserted into a region of the brain called the globus pallidus. This region is linked to the basal ganglia, which regulates muscle tone. The resulting stimulation of dopamine levels in these cells can restore normal movement and eliminate medication-induced dyskinesias.
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A doctor will diagnose Parkinson’s disease based on a patient’s history and neurological exam. He may also recommend a specific SPECT scan, called a dopamine transporter (DAT) scan. These tests can help rule out other conditions before making a definitive diagnosis. During a physical examination, your doctor may also conduct blood tests to rule out other illnesses.
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The main treatment for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. Levodopa stimulates the production of dopamine in brain nerve cells. It restores the dwindling supply of dopamine in the brain. Levodopa is usually taken in combination with another drug called carbidopa. This combination reduces the side effects of levodopa and reduces the dosage needed for improvement of symptoms. Be careful, however, because suddenly stopping the medication can cause serious side effects.
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The main symptom of Parkinson’s disease is bradykinesia, which means slow movement. This symptom can be characterized by reduced facial expression, decreased blink rate, and difficulty in fine motor coordination. Other symptoms of bradykinesia include difficulty turning over in bed, difficulty in turning, and trouble coordinating movements.
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In addition to medication, exercise is essential for treating the disease. Exercise improves muscle strength, range of motion, and balance. It also helps patients deal with depression and improve their quality of life. A physical therapist can help them develop a daily exercise program. Exercises can include stretching and walking. Patients should be careful to move slowly and check posture to ensure they do not strain their muscles.
