Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder. It is characterized by a lack of dopamine in the brain, which controls movement. This chemical is produced in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. When this part of the brain dies for unknown reasons, less dopamine is produced. Until the condition progresses, the patient is physically and mentally independent. While patients with Parkinson’s disease may experience tremors in their hands, arms, or legs, it usually decreases when the limbs are being used.
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Other common signs of Parkinson disease include stooped posture, a lack of balance, and a change in blood pressure. Symptoms can also impact a person’s ability to talk and think. Some patients experience problems with speaking and writing, and may have trouble recognizing different odors. They may also experience pain in their hands, face, or body. Those with these symptoms should seek medical help to treat their condition.
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People with Parkinson’s disease may be able to manage their symptoms with the help of different medications. One treatment option is levodopa therapy, a type of medication that has shown success in controlling tremors in some patients. Another option is the use of MRI-guided focused ultrasound. During this minimally invasive procedure, doctors use ultrasound waves that are high in temperature to burn areas contributing to the tremors.
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Surgical options for Parkinson’s patients include deep brain stimulation, which can help reduce the amount of medicine required to control the symptoms. A patient will be awake for the procedure and a small electrode is implanted into the brain. The electrodes will then be connected to a small electrical device implanted in the chest. This device will send electrical impulses to the brain, easing tremor and other symptoms.
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Other treatments for Parkinson’s disease include physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and medications to control the disease’s symptoms. Surgery can also help with fluctuations and complications that medical therapy cannot address. However, the most common treatment for Parkinson’s disease is medicines. These medicines replace the missing dopamine in the brain and imitate its function. These medicines also help with symptoms such as constipation and sleep disorders. It is important to take your medications as prescribed and discuss any side effects you may experience with your doctor.
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The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person. Some people have mild tremors or difficulty getting out of a chair. Others have slow movement and struggle to speak properly. Early symptoms are often subtle, but should be investigated by a doctor. If you think you might be developing Parkinson’s disease, consult your GP or a movement disorder specialist.
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A doctor trained in nervous system diseases will typically diagnose the disease based on a medical history, neurological examination, and lab tests. In some cases, imaging tests are recommended to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor may also conduct blood tests to rule out other illnesses or diseases. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms can appear similar to those of other illnesses.
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The main treatment for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. This medicine works by stimulating the nerve cells to produce more dopamine. The dopamine then replenishes the brain’s dwindling supply. To reduce levodopa’s side effects, a drug called carbidopa may be prescribed along with it. Although carbidopa is not a cure for Parkinson’s disease, it does improve symptoms and can reduce the need for levodopa.
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