Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disease that slows down the muscles and can lead to many different symptoms. At the early stages of the disease, symptoms may be mild and not interfere with daily tasks. They may affect only one side of the body, but as the disease progresses, the symptoms will become more severe and may affect the patient’s ability to walk. In severe cases, patients may experience difficulty walking, loss of balance, and slowness of movement. In some cases, the disease can even cause delusions or hallucinations.
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Parkinson’s disease occurs when the nerve cells in the brain stop producing enough dopamine to control movement. Dopamine is produced in a small area of the brain called the substantia nigra. As the area shrinks, the amount of dopamine it produces decreases. As a result, the body produces more glutamate to compensate for the loss of dopamine. Tremor can affect the hands, arms, or legs and is a common symptom of the disease. The shaking usually subsides when the affected limbs are used, so not everyone will have a tremor.
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Diagnosis is difficult and requires a thorough evaluation. A neurologist who specializes in movement disorders can make the best diagnosis. The initial assessment will take into account the person’s medical history, symptoms, and physical tolerance, among other factors. This will lead to an individual’s unique medication program. The doctor will need to adjust the medication dosage as the disease progresses.
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In addition to movement-related symptoms, Parkinson’s disease may cause emotional changes. People with the disease may experience depression, decreased mood, and difficulty concentrating. Some people may experience insomnia or apathy. In these cases, medication may be prescribed to alleviate depression. It is also important to visit a doctor if the symptoms interfere with daily activities.
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Surgery is another option for treatment of Parkinson’s symptoms. Although it doesn’t cure the disease, it can help manage the symptoms of tremor and rigidity. In some patients, surgery reduces the amount of medicine they need to take to manage their symptoms. The main treatment for Parkinson’s disease involves levodopa. Levodopa is a neurotransmitter that stimulates the nerve cells to make dopamine, which replenishes the dwindling supply in the brain. This medication is taken for several months or even a lifetime, but should not be stopped abruptly, as it can lead to serious side effects.
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Another symptom of Parkinson’s disease is the loss of smell, or hyposmia. This is a common symptom of the disease. People suffering from this disease may experience loss of smell before they experience other symptoms. As a result, they may have trouble recognizing certain objects and communicating with others. They may also experience hallucinations. This condition affects their daily lives. They may even need a caregiver to complete basic tasks, such as getting dressed.
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Another symptom of Parkinson disease is tremor, which is an involuntary twitching and shaking of a specific part of the body. These tremors are called “rest tremors” because they occur only when the affected body part is not in use. The tremors will initially be subtle and gradually increase in severity as the disease progresses. Often, the tremors will occur only in one side of the body, but may eventually spread to other areas. In addition, some people who experience tremors may notice a change in their walking patterns.
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There are also support groups and counselors who can help those suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Your doctor may be able to suggest local resources. The Parkinson’s Foundation and the American Parkinson Disease Association are two organizations dedicated to helping those with the disorder. Your doctor can also recommend a mental health provider if necessary. Those with Parkinson’s disease should always maintain regular contact with their doctors. This will help them monitor the disease’s progression and adjust therapy as necessary.